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Research Trends

Latest preprints in space engineering and astrophysics.

physics.space-ph

Cascade models of anisotropic turbulence in magnetized plasma of solar wind

A. Bershadskii

We present a physical framework for Alfvénic solar wind turbulence in which the plasma is modeled as discrete domains with local rotational symmetry about the domain-mean magnetic field. Using this symmetry, we construct minimalist cascade models governed by two characteristic time scales, nonlinear and Alfvénic, associated, respectively, with the perpendicular and parallel directions relative to the domain-mean magnetic field. Within this partial symmetry, we also characterize the anisotropy of…

astro-ph.IMastro-ph.HE

Wide Field Localization Using Fixed Modulation Collimators

Steven E. Boggs

Rapid, precise localization of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) requires continuous wide-field imaging at hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray energies. We develop a fixed (non-rotating) modulation-collimator architecture to address this challenge. A bigrid collimator, a pair of aligned, periodic slit grids in front of a simple, non-imaging photon-counting detector, transmits an off-axis source through a triangular fringe pattern whose local angular position, the source phase, is recovered from simultaneous cou…

astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR

From spirals to rings: dust dynamics in gravitoturbulent protoplanetary discs after late infall

Clément Baruteau, Steven Rendon Restrepo, Gaylor Wafflard-Fernandez, Sebastián Pérez, Zhaohuan Zhu, Hans Baehr, Farzana Meru, Jean-François Gonzalez et al.

Substructures appear to be a common trait of all extended protoplanetary discs. They are found notably in discs still surrounded by ambient, possibly infalling material. In this study, we revisit the observational signatures of gravitational instability (GI) in the dust and gas emission of protoplanetary discs. We focus on discs undergoing a short-lived episode of late infall that triggers spirals via GI, in order to investigate the long-term dynamics of millimetre-sized dust. We performed 2D hy…

astro-ph.SRphysics.space-ph

On the 3D Magnetic Structure of Coronal Mass Ejections Through the Solar Corona

Erika Palmerio, Michal Ben-Nun, Tibor Török, Cooper Downs, Viacheslav S. Titov

The magnetic fields that make up the internal structure of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are thought to be organised in a flux rope configuration, consisting of twisted magnetic fields that wind about a central axis. Remote-sensing observations of CMEs show a wide range of morphologies, dynamics, and evolution, including rotation, non-uniform expansion, deflection, and interaction with the ambient solar wind. In-situ measurements, however, typically consist of a single 1D spacecraft trajectory t…

astro-ph.GA

Extending the Little Red Dot population at intermediate redshift with VIPERS

Krzysztof Lisiecki, Krzysztof Hryniewicz, Francesco Pistis, Michał J. Michałowski, Aidan P. Cotter, Maciej Koprowski, Miguel Figueira, Agnieszka Pollo et al.

Little red dots (LRDs) are a recently identified population of compact, red sources characterised by a distinctive V-shaped UV-to-optical continuum and broad emission lines. Their physical structure and evolution remain uncertain, while their properties at intermediate redshifts are largely unexplored. We identify and characterise LRD-like sources at 0.5 0.5, bridging local and high-redshift studies. Their abundance, compact morphology, environmental properties, and multi-wavelength emission pro…

astro-ph.GA

From stardust to interstellar grain growth in the first galaxies: a cosmological transition in dust evolution near z ~ 8.9

Denis Burgarella, Tom J. L. C. Bakx, Raffaella Schneider, Hiddo S. B. Algera, Chloe Aurin, Tim Dewachter, Clarke Esmerian, Luca Graziani et al.

When and how did dust begin to shape galaxies? Motivated by the identification of an apparent redshift break in galaxy dust masses, suggesting substantially lower dust masses at $z \gtrsim 9$, we investigate dust enrichment during the first billion years of cosmic history. We aim to determine whether the observed evolution marks a transition in the dominant dust-production mechanism and to identify the physical conditions under which such a transition is expected to occur. Using JWST, ALMA, and…

astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA

Associating binary black holes with galactic centres using lensed gravitational waves

Laura Uronen, Tian Li, Qiuhan He, Justin Janquart, Thomas Collett, Léon V. E. Koopmans, Otto Hannuksela

Binary black holes (BBHs) have been theorised to form through various different channels, but current LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) sky locations make the direct study of formation channels a challenge. Association of strongly lensed BBHs to their hosts has been shown to be possible with current detector networks at upgraded sensitivity and survey telescopes like Euclid, with localisations that can reach sub-galactic scales in the source plane. With Hubble Space Telescope-like high-resolution imaging,…

astro-ph.GA

Cosmic-ray electron propagation in the peculiar barred spiral galaxy NGC 2442

Shengtao Wang, Xiaohui Sun, Volker Heesen, George Heald, Jiangtao Li, Chao-Wei Tsai, Stefan W. Duchesne, Andrew J. Battisti et al.

Face-on spiral galaxies offer a favorable geometry for studying magnetic-field structures and cosmic-ray (CR) propagation because projection effects and structural overlap are reduced. We investigate cosmic-ray electron (CRE) transport in the nearby face-on spiral galaxy NGC 2442 and assess how its environment and magnetic-field structure influence propagation. We combine radio continuum (RC) observations from ASKAP at 943 MHz, MeerKAT at 1.28 and 1.7 GHz, and ATCA at 5 GHz with optical H$α$ and…

astro-ph.GA

The solar Galactocentric distance and local kinematic parameters from Gaia DR3 using Bottlinger's equations

D. V. Odynets, V. S. Akhmetov, S. I. Denyshchenko

The solar Galactocentric distance, $R_0$, together with the local kinematic parameters of the Milky Way, provides fundamental constraints on the Galactic structure and rotation. Their accurate determination has become possible with the hight astrometric precision of Gaia DR3 catalogue. We determine the Galactocentric distance, the Solar peculiar motion components $(u_0,v_0,w_0)$, and the local angular velocity of Galactic rotation, $ω_0$, using a self-consistent approach based on Bottlinger's eq…

physics.hist-phastro-ph.HE

The Crab Nebula progenitor: recovering the 1054 AD supernova event as galactic Gamma-ray burst

Costantino Sigismondi, Remo Ruffini

In 1054 AD a daytime star appeared in the constellation of Taurus, for three weeks, and it was reported in various sources from Europe to China/Japan: it was one of the few documented galactic supernovae of the last two millenia. This paradigm has been established about sixty years ago, as the comprehension of the physics of supernovae progressed with enough observational data. The Gamma-ray bursts were discovered in the same period, but only in the past few years have their observations become…

gr-qcastro-ph.HE

Testing Source Dependence in Gravitational-Wave Tests of General Relativity with Mutual Information

Yi-Fan Wang

Phenomenological deviation parameters used in gravitational-wave tests of general relativity need not represent universal fundamental properties of the sources. Instead, a deviation parameter can be a derived quantity that depends on source properties. Apparent violations of general relativity arising from waveform systematics or data-quality issues can also depend on source properties. In addition to diagnosing individual events, it is helpful to identify systematic trends at the population lev…

astro-ph.HE

Anisotropic wind in tidal disruption events

Paola Martire, Elena Maria Rossi, Nicholas Chamberlain Stone, Elad Steinberg, Itamar Giron

Over the coming years, the number of tidal disruption events (TDEs) is expected to substantially increase with observations from the Vera Rubin Observatory (g and r band) and {\it ULTRASAT} (near UV) wide-field surveys. These future samples have great promise to characterize the bottom end of the massive black hole mass function, but existing detections of intermediate mass black hole TDEs are primarily in X-rays, leaving their optical/UV emission largely unexplored. We present a time- and angle…

astro-ph.SR

MHD Modelling of magnetic reconnection heating and jets in the solar corona

P. Pagano, C. Argiroffi, F. Reale, A. Petralia, G. Cozzo, P. Testa

Magnetic reconnection is seen as the lead mechanism to explain the persistent and bursty heating of the solar corona that keeps its thermal structure. Lately the observations and modelling of magnetic reconnection outflows, i.e. nanojets, has empowered our capabilities to scrutinise this mechanisms, however more needs to be understood on the relation between the energetic and kinematic events. The aim of this paper is to study in details the properties of the heating events (nanoflare) and the k…

astro-ph.HE

The first MeerKAT S-band globular cluster pulsar survey

Rouhin Nag, Marta Burgay, Alessandro Ridolfi, Federico Abbate, Andrea Possenti, Paulo C. C. Freire, Scott M. Ransom, Miquel Colom i Bernadich et al.

Globular clusters are efficient factories of recycled pulsars, but searches toward high-dispersion-measure (DM) clusters can be strongly limited near 1 GHz by dispersive smearing and interstellar scattering. We present the first MeerKAT S-band (nu ~ 2.4 GHz) pulsar survey of 14 globular clusters. High time- and frequency-resolution observations were searched using segmented acceleration and jerk techniques, followed by candidate folding and targeted folding with available timing ephemerides. We…

astro-ph.HE

Extended gamma-ray emission in the vicinity of the Westerlund 1 massive star cluster and Kes 41 supernova remnant seen by the Fermi Large Area Telescope

L. Tibaldo, R. Bernet, L. Härer, M. Lemoine-Goumard, L. Mohrmann, G. Peron, B. Reville, T. Vieu et al.

There is growing evidence for cosmic-ray acceleration in massive stellar clusters. Furthermore, extended gamma-ray emission suggests that particle transport in the vicinity of their sources is influenced by physical processes markedly different from large-scale diffusion in the Milky Way. We characterize extended gamma-ray emission in the direction of the Westerlund 1 stellar cluster and Kes 41 supernova remnant using > 16 years of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) at energies > 0.8…

gr-qcastro-ph.IM

A Differentiable Parametric Model of Binary-Black-Hole Initial Data: I. Conformally flat Bowen-York punctures

Frederik De Ceuster, Tjonnie G. -F. Li

Constraint-satisfying initial data for binary black holes require the repeated solution of a nonlinear elliptic boundary-value problem throughout the physical parameter space. We present a para\-metric, differentiable initial-data model that combines sparse-grid spectral interpolation with Newton refinement over a family of binary configurations. Interpolation is used only to provide warm starts for the underlying elliptic solver, rather than to replace it. A small number of Newton iterations re…

astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP

Untangling EIT Waves: What a Measured Speed Actually Traces

Olena Podladchikova

Nearly three decades after the first SOHO/EIT observations, reported EUV-wave speeds still range from a few tens to more than 1000 km/s. This Perspective asks what those numbers actually trace. A measured image speed depends on passband and line-of-sight weighting, cadence, difference imaging, the selected crest or leading edge, propagation sector, fitted interval, and projection geometry. Same-event comparisons quantify this observation-operator effect. In events common to the Nitta and Muhr an…

astro-ph.GA

The internal kinematics and chemistry of 20 Milky Way strings

C. Boeche, A. Vallenari, J. Alonso-Santiago, A. Bragaglia, R. Carrera, E. Dalessandro, E. Carretta, E. Franciosini et al.

Context: the recent discovery of filamentary stellar structures in the Milky Way disk raises the question of their formation in the context of the Galaxy evolution. Aims: in this work, we aim to kinematically and chemically characterize several filamentary stellar structures by looking for clues about their origin and formation mechanism. Methods: recent works using machine-learning techniques and $Gaia$ data have identified many previously unknown Galactic strings. We cross-matched such data wi…

physics.ins-detastro-ph.IMcond-mat.supr-con

Post-fabrication trimming of a 1024-pixel, single-photon counting, Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector array with a pixel pitch of 150 micron

Wilbert Ras-Vinke, Hessel Schulte, David J. Thoen, Kevin Kouwenhoven, Steven A. H. de Rooij, Tonny A. H. M. Coppens, Jochem J. A. Baselmans, Pieter J. de Visser et al.

Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors are superconducting resonators capable of single-photon counting with energy resolving capability at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Their zero read noise, extremely low dark counts, and compatibility with frequency-division multiplexing make them well suited for large imaging arrays. The detector yield of these arrays is often limited by the fabrication-induced frequency scatter leading to resonator collisions. We find that the tight packing of the…

astro-ph.HE

Hadronic origin of gamma rays and neutrinos from blazars: Multi-messenger implications and observational constraints

Rodrigo Sasse, Rita de Cássia dos Anjos

We investigate whether cosmogenic gamma rays and neutrinos from ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) produced in hadronically active blazars can significantly contribute to the observed spectral energy distribution (SED), and examine the potential of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) to detect and discriminate this component. For four nearest neutrino bright blazars modeled by Rodrigues (2024), specifically AP Librae, TXS 1700+685, PKS 2326$-$502, and PKS 2345$-$16, we constrain…

quant-phastro-ph.IMphysics.optics

Multiparameter quantum bounds for entanglement-assisted aperture synthesis

Kalaga Madhav, Pieter Kok, Nic Scott

Entanglement-assisted optical interferometry promises diffraction-limited imaging over baselines where light cannot be physically combined, but existing theory treats only a single visibility on one two-station baseline. This work formulates the multiparameter estimation problem for an M-station array imaging an extended scene. A reduction lemma shows that the multimode quantum Fisher information (QFI) equals the mean photon number times the QFI of a single delocalized photon, collapsing the pro…

astro-ph.IMastro-ph.GA

Enabling New Discoveries with Machine Learning

Michelle Lochner

The next generation of telescopes such as the Square Kilometre Array and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will produce enormous quantities of data, too large for traditional analysis techniques. Machine learning has proven invaluable in handling massive data volumes and automating tasks traditionally done by human scientists. The question is, can machine learning also automate scientific discovery? Recent advances in the field have made this feasible but only when combined with expert human input t…

astro-ph.GA

The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): Multi-wavelength properties of Paschen line-emitters at Cosmic Noon

Malte Brinch, Edo Ibar, Luis Ossa-Fuentes, Corey Pirie, Philip Best, R. K. Cochrane, Kenneth Duncan, James Dunlop et al.

Context: Narrowband JWST/NIRCam selection isolates star-forming galaxies in well-defined redshift slices, while ALMA and archival far-IR/submm data reveal obscured growth. We combine these to measure Paschen-line SFRs, infer nebular extinction from EAZY Av, and probe FIR-to-submm emission via weighted-median stacking, to constrain galaxy growth at cosmic noon. Aims: We characterize stellar, nebular, and FIR properties of Paschen-selected galaxies in COSMOS, in two ensembles at z~1.50 (Pa-alpha)…

astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA

Search for refractive substructure in active galactic nuclei using ground-based VLBI observations

Tatiana A. Koryukova, Alexander V. Plavin, Alexander B. Pushkarev, Yuri Y. Kovalev

We present the results of the first systematic search for refractive scattering substructure in active galactic nuclei (AGN) using ground-based very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data. We selected 1074 AGNs showing a steep frequency dependence of their angular sizes and compared the observed long-baseline visibility amplitudes with the predictions of the refractive substructure model for scatter-broadened images. Nine sources showed consistency with the expected level of refractive noise,…

astro-ph.EPcs.LG

Physics-Informed Multi-Task Surrogate Model for the Martian Nightside Thermosphere

Sergey Nikiforov

Modeling the Martian nightside thermosphere remains challenging due to sparse in situ sampling and strong coupling among transport, magnetic, and seasonal processes. Purely data-driven models can produce non-physical artifacts, such as density inversions, in poorly sampled altitude regimes. We present a multi-task physics-informed neural network that simultaneously predicts the base-10 logarithmic densities of four neutral species (O, CO$_2$, N$_2$, and Ar) using more than a decade of MAVEN/NGIM…

astro-ph.HE

Orthogonal polarization modes of nonbirefringent origin in a geometric radio pulsar signal model

J. Dyks, L. Saha, A. Frankowski

Motion of plasma in pulsar magnetospheres essentially follows bent magnetic field lines which may result in radiation beams sweeping past the observer's sightline. We show that under certain conditions such a passing beamlet can produce two orthogonal polarization modes (OPMs) solely from averaging of radiative contributions, without involving birefringence. This requires that radiation from different stages of the passage is contributed incoherently, hence that the timescale for the coherence i…

astro-ph.IM

Modelling Fourier filtering wavefront sensors for PSD-based methods: the AOPERA tool

Romain Fétick, Vincent Chambouleyron, Lisa-Marie Mazzolo, Christophe Vérinaud, Arnaud Striffling, Cédric Héritier-Salama, Benoit Neichel, Jean-Francois Sauvage et al.

Compensation of the atmospheric turbulence thanks to adaptive optics (AO) has now become commonly used for VLT or ELT class telescopes in order to retrieve a resolution close to their diffraction limit. Following the increasing trend of AO system, there is also a stronger necessity for simulations in order to understand and predict their performance facing different observing conditions, that are the evolution of the atmospheric turbulence or the diversity of AO guide source. The so-called PSD b…

astro-ph.HE

Evidence of a Low-Energy Cutoff in the Injected Spectrum of a Pulsar Wind Nebula

Zhihong Shi, C. -Y. Ng, Niccol`o Bucciantini, B. M. Gaensler, Zhen Yan, David J. Wilner, Douglas C. -J. Bock, Hua-bai Li et al.

Bow-shock pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are synchrotron sources formed when the outflow of supersonic pulsars is confined by the surrounding interstellar medium. These sources are dominated by freshly injected particles, thus providing a unique laboratory for studying particle acceleration in relativistic outflows. The Mouse is a prototypical bow-shock PWN and is bright in the radio and X-ray bands, enabling detailed multi-wavelength spectral modeling. Using data from 17 telescopes, the Mouse is de…

astro-ph.EP

Magnetically Driven Obliquity in Circumplanetary Disks and Twisted Bipolar-jet Formation

Raúl O. Chametla, Martin E. Pessah, F. Javier Sánchez-Salcedo, David Vokrouhlický, Mauricio Reyes-Ruiz, Ondrej Chrenko, Alessandro Morbidelli

Circumplanetary disks (CPDs) regulate gas accretion onto forming giant planets and provide the environment in which their satellites may form. We use high-resolution, global three-dimensional simulations to investigate the early formation, orientation, and outflows of a CPD around a Jupiter-mass planet embedded in a turbulent magnetized protoplanetary disk. Within a locally isothermal, ideal-MHD framework, we evolve disks threaded by net vertical magnetic fields, corresponding to initial plasma…

astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR

Can the Long-Term Impact of Stellar M-Dwarf Flares Alter the Spectral Features of a Giant Gaseous Exoplanet?

Amy Louca, Shang-Min Tsai, Yamila Miguel

In this work, we model the long-term impact of recurrent stellar flares on the atmospheres of metal-rich gaseous exoplanets. Using synthetic flare spectra from a fiducial flare model integrated with a photochemical kinetics code, we track the changes in atmospheric composition with time. We further analyze the spectral variability by feeding these abundance profiles into a radiative transfer code at various time steps. Our simulations showed variability and persistent changes in key atmospheric…