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Research Trends

Latest preprints in space engineering and astrophysics.

astro-ph.EPastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR

Ammonium salt formation and abundance in protoplanetary disks

Maxime Ruaud, Jean-Christophe Loison, Uma Gorti

Ammonium salts may represent an important reservoir of volatile species in Solar system primitive bodies, but the question of how and when these salts can form during the star formation process remains unknown. In this paper, we use thermo-chemical models to study the formation of ammonium salts during the protoplanetary disk stage. We show that ammonium salts form efficiently in the inner disk midplane (i.e. $r \lesssim 50 $ au), inside the comet forming region. In this region, our model predic…

astro-ph.EP

Dynamo generation reveals redox conditions during formation of differentiated planetesimals

Hannah R. Sanderson, James F. J. Bryson, Claire I. O. Nichols

In the early Solar System, an isotopic dichotomy existed between non-carbonaceous (NC) and carbonaceous (CC) planetesimals. Depending on the formation location of these planetesimals relative to condensation lines in the protoplanetary disk, NC and CC differentiated planetesimals could have had distinct redox states and water contents. However, the extent of these differences and the resulting accretion environments of NC and CC planetesimals are debated. Here, we use thermal evolution and dynam…

astro-ph.IM

Pollux UV & FUV polarimeters: first lab results

Adrien Girardot, Ninon Demelier, Coralie Neiner, Jean-Michel Reess, Juan Ignacio Larruquert, Paloma Lopez-Reyes, Anejandro Garcia Canas, Nuria Gutierrez Luna et al.

Pollux is a high-resolution spectropolarimeter proposed by a European consortium for the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). Its design covers a broad spectral range from the far-ultraviolet (FUV) to the near-infrared (97-1\,750 nm), with polarimetric channels relying on \ch{MgF2} birefringent optics in the mid- and near-UV (MUV-NUV), and on an innovative all-reflective polarimeter in the FUV, where no birefringent material is available. To validate these polarimeters, whose required polarimetri…

astro-ph.HE

Accretion-induced spin-up: Implications for mass constraints of AMXPs

Xiaoyu Lai

We investigate the influence of the global structure of accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars (AMXPs) on accretion-induced spin-up, using three equations of state (EoS) models representing neutron stars, quark stars, and strangeon stars. By applying the classical accretion torque formalism, and deriving the accretion rate and magnetic field from observations of three AMXPs --- XTE J1751-305, SAX J1808.4-3658, and IGR J00291+5934 --- we derive mass contours in the plane of luminosity versus spin-up…

astro-ph.HE

The progenitors and circumstellar environments of stripped-envelope interacting supernovae from BPASS

B. Warwick, J. Lyman, D. L. Coppejans, C. M. Byrne, J. J. Eldridge, M. Pursiainen, E. R. Stanway

Understanding the progenitors of stripped-envelope interacting supernovae (SEISNe) is crucial for probing the final stages of massive star evolution. Despite this, their rarity means the nature of their progenitors remains poorly constrained. We investigate the progenitors of SEISNe, using the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis stellar evolution models. The 30,153 stellar models that result in hydrogen-poor core-collapse supernovae (SN) includes both binary and single stars, spanning 13 me…

astro-ph.HE

Searching for core-collapse supernovae in binaries with ZTF

Sylvia J. Zhu, Jakob Nordin, Emma de Oña-Wilhelmi, Andrea Ercolino

Context. Stripped envelope supernovae occur in massive stars that have lost their outer layers before exploding, possibly from binary interactions. Recently, SN 2022jli was detected with significant periodic oscillations in its lightcurve, likely due to accretion from a binary companion onto the newborn compact object. Aims. While evidence for periodic oscillations has been found in a few bright and noteworthy supernovae, the population properties are best understood with systematic searches of…

astro-ph.SR

A new methodology for inferring the plasma conditions in solar flare energetic electron source regions from in situ electron energy spectra

Samuel Carter, Natasha L. S. Jeffrey, Robert T. Wicks, Georgios Nicolaou

The conditions within solar flares that lead to efficient electron acceleration are not well constrained. It is not clear whether the populations accelerated out into the heliosphere and inward into the chromosphere originate in the same regions. By analysing the energy distributions of heliospheric populations, modelling suggests that it should be possible to see evidence of their originating region(s), including the presence of hot, dense flare plasma. By creating and utilising a novel in situ…

astro-ph.SR

A multi-epoch spectral and photometric study to understand the nature of the interesting Be star candidate HD 249179

Suman Bhattacharyya, Blesson Mathew, S Muneer, Sreeja S Kartha, Prakruthi Prasad

HD 249179, a B5 star with unclear classification as either a classical Be star or a high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) system, is investigated using the first multi-epoch spectral and photometric analysis over 5.5 years (2017-2023). Optical spectroscopy from LAMOST, BeSS, and the Himalayan Chandra Telescope show large H-alpha variability (-17.6 to -3.2 angstrom, in six days, returning to -31.3 angstrom, in 2022) and the presence of Paschen and O I lines, confirming active circumstellar disc dynamics.…

astro-ph.GA

Environmental dependence of galaxy properties in the DESI DR1 Bright Galaxy Survey: Star formation, morphology, and AGN activity at z < 0.55

Duho Kim

We present the environmental dependence of galaxy properties using $\sim$1.4 million BGS_BRIGHT galaxies in groups and clusters ($\log(M_h/M_\odot) \geq 12.5$) from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 1 at $0.05 3$ in all four BPT lines), the combined AGN fraction increases monotonically with stellar mass. At fixed stellar mass, the Seyfert fraction shows no significant environmental trend (consistent with flat; field-to-cluster differences $\lesssim 3σ$ in the only well…

astro-ph.GA

Investigation of Calcium Dust in the Interstellar Medium

Ya-Yu Chu, Sascha Zeegers, Hsien Shang, Chi-Liang Chen, Mau-Tsu Tang, Ming-Jye Wang, Yun-Liang Soo, Elisa Costantini et al.

Calcium is a highly depleted element in the interstellar medium (ISM), however its composition in the solid phase remains elusive. The detection of Ca-bearing dust has been limited due to its lack of distinct spectral features in the cold phase of the diffuse ISM. X-rays provide a direct method for exploring the absorption and scattering properties of interstellar dust. In this study, we utilize high-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy to characterize Ca-bearing dust analogs at the Ca K-edg…

astro-ph.HE

Abnormal Nitrogen Abundance in the X-ray Spectrum of Quasi-periodically Erupting Source AT2019wzc

Tao Wu, Xinwen Shu, Luming Sun, Ning Jiang, Jiazheng Zhu, Wenjie Zhang

Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are rapid, recurring soft X-ray bursts, whose nature is still in dispute. A compelling case of QPEs has emerged in the slowly evolving optical transient AT2019wzc, possibly associated with the tidal disruption of a post-main-sequence star by a supermassive black hole. Further evidence of a tidal disruption event (TDE) is crucial to understand the nature of AT2019wzc and establish the link between TDE and QPEs. Here we report the detection of a narrow, blueshifted…

astro-ph.SR

The location and propagation of fine structures in type II solar radio bursts

S. Normo, K. Bhandari, A. Nadiger, D. E. Morosan

Solar eruptions such as coronal mass ejections can drive collisionless shocks that are good particle accelerators. Electrons accelerated by these shocks can be observed remotely via the electromagnetic emission they generate at low radio frequencies. The radio signatures of shock-accelerated electrons at the Sun are type II radio bursts that can be used to track the propagation of the shock wave in the solar corona and beyond. However, type II radio bursts can have complex morphologies in dynami…

astro-ph.GA

The TNG50-SKIRT Atlas: Spatially resolved synthetic galaxies from the ultraviolet to the submillimetre (DR2)

Maarten Baes, Paul Vauterin, Abdurro'uf, Nick Andreadis, Thiago Bueno-Dalpiaz, Sena Bokona Tulu, Peter Camps, Abdissa Tassama Emana et al.

We present the second data release (DR2) of the TNG50-SKIRT Atlas (TSA), a library of synthetic, spatially resolved galaxy observables. The atlas is constructed by post-processing a stellar-mass-complete ($10^{9.8}~{\text{M}}_\odot < M_\star < 10^{12}~{\text{M}}_\odot$) sample of 1154 $z=0$ galaxies from the TNG50 cosmological hydrodynamical simulation with the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code SKIRT. Compared to the first release, TSA DR2 extends the wavelength coverage from the ultraviolet t…

astro-ph.GA

Projection Effects in Merger Dating for Illustris TNG Shell Galaxies

Tuğba Erol, Mustafa Kürşad Yıldız, Ivana Ebrová, Michal Bílek

Stellar shells are low-surface-brightness structures that typically appear as concentric arcs. They are observed in many giant elliptical and lenticular galaxies, as well as in some spiral and dwarf galaxies. They presumably result from minor and intermediate close-to-radial mergers of galaxies. An essential factor in determining the merger time are the distances of shells from the centre of the galaxy. Consequently, estimates of the merger time can be significantly affected if some shells remai…

physics.ins-detastro-ph.IMhep-ex

Spectroscopic study of argon electroluminescence light with a wavelength-sensitive particle detector

R. Santorelli, V. Pesudo Fortes, G. Vera Díaz, C. K. Guérard, R. López Manzano, L. Luzzi, J. Martínez Morales, L. Romero et al.

We present a spectroscopic study of argon electroluminescence (EL) light in a gaseous time projection chamber (TPC). Using a compact detector equipped with photomultiplier tubes with different spectral sensitivities, we measure the light emission in two nominal wavelength regions, approximately [110, 160] nm and [160, 650] nm, at different gas pressures. In addition to the well-known 128 nm emission of the second continuum, significant emission is observed in the [160, 650] nm band, with a promp…

astro-ph.SR

Alfvénic Motions in a Stratified Open Flux Tube: Transition from Propagating to Locally Standing Motions and Implications for the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability

Mingzhe Guo, Bo Li, Yuhang Gao, Yao Chen

Standing transverse waves in closed coronal structures have been widely studied as a possible route to energy dissipation, with resonant absorption transferring kink wave energy to localized Alfvénic motions and the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) accelerating the formation of small dissipative scales. However, it remains unclear whether the same mechanism applies to the open corona, given the long-standing consensus that the KHI tends to be prohibited for propagating Alfvénic waves. Within t…

astro-ph.GA

NEXUS: Spectral Variability of Little Red Dots and Blue Active Galactic Nuclei at $2 \lesssim z \lesssim 6$

Zachary Stone, Yue Shen, Ming-Yang Zhuang, Junyao Li, Zhiwei Pan, Jenny E. Greene, Feige Wang

We present spectral measurements for 17 Little Red Dots (LRDs) and 14 blue broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at $2\lesssim z \lesssim 6$ using multi-epoch JWST NIRSpec MSA spectra from the NEXUS program, sampling rest-frame timescales of $\sim 1-3$ months. Overall, the LRD population shows significantly enhanced Balmer decrement compared with both blue JWST AGNs at similar redshifts and 56 low-redshift broad-line AGNs matched in H$\rmα$ luminosity. The rest-optical continua of LRDs show l…

astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COastro-ph.IM

Parameter Estimation Horizon of Core-Collapse Supernovae with a Network of Gravitational-Wave Detectors

Almat Akhmetali, Y. Sultan Abylkairov, Solange Nunes, José Antonio Font, Michele Zanolin, Ernazar Abdikamalov

Core-collapse supernovae are among the most promising yet still undetected sources of gravitational waves. A future detection would provide a direct view of the physical processes occurring deep inside a collapsing star. In this work, we investigate how networks of current and future gravitational-wave detectors can constrain the properties of rapidly rotating core-collapse supernovae using their characteristic core-bounce and early post-bounce signals. Using deep-learning techniques, we estimat…

astro-ph.GA

Evolution of superthin galaxies under Milgromian dynamics

Zhe-Qi Huang, Hao Chen, Xin-Lei Ge, Cheng-Qun Pang

This work investigates the long-term evolution of the vertical structure of superthin galaxies within the framework of Milgromian dynamics (MOND). By constructing an observationally constrained model of UGC 7321, we test whether its disc can maintain an extremely flattened structure in a MOND gravitational field. We also construct models with different values of the MOND depth index $D_{\rm M}$ to study how the global MOND depth affects disc evolution. We perform three-dimensional hydrodynamical…

astro-ph.SR

Deformation of the CME and CME-driven shock due to interaction with the ambient solar wind: I. Modelling with Cone Model

A. Niemela, A. Valentino, J. Magdalenic

Context. The near-Earth environment is continuously impacted by the solar wind and the transients embedded in it. The largest eruptions of plasma and magnetic field at the Sun are Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), which, upon reaching Earth, can induce geomagnetic storms and disrupt our technologically advanced societies. Aims. We aim to improve our understanding of how CMEs and CME-driven shock waves interact with the ambient solar wind, and how the resulting deformations in time and space affect…

astro-ph.GA

Spatially resolved thermal dust emission in the L1157 outflow reveals grain-driven molecular enrichment

Siyi Feng, Hauyu Baobab Liu, Yang Lu, Qiancheng Yang, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Paola Caselli, Zhi-Yu Zhang, Shuting Lin et al.

Protostellar outflow shocks reshape local dust properties and molecular chemistry. The L1157 outflow is an archetypal chemically rich shocked region, but the thermal dust associated with its successive shocks has remained unresolved because molecular-line contamination obscures the broadband continuum. We obtained new James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (825--906 $μ$m) spectral-line observations and Submillimeter Array (1.1--1.4 mm) continuum observations toward L1157 B0-B1-B2, probing spatial scales…

astro-ph.IM

Hard X-Ray Focal-Plane Compton Spectro-Polarimeter: Detector Development and Sensitivity Evaluation

Abhay Kumar, Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, Santosh V. Vadawale, N. P. S. Mithun

The scientific potential of X-ray polarimetry has long been recognized, yet the challenges of measuring polarization have left it largely unexplored, mainly in the hard X-ray regime. With the advent of hard X-ray focusing optics, sensitive focal-plane Compton polarimeters are now feasible. An early example is CXPOL (Compton X-ray Polarimeter), developed at Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), India, which demonstrated 20 - 80 keV polarimetric capabilities using a plastic scatterer and a CsI(Tl) a…

astro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR

In orbit background for hard X-ray CubeSat polarimeters: case study of the CUSP mission in low-earth orbit

Abhay Kumar, Giovanni Lombardi, Riccardo Campana, Giovanni De Cesare, Sergio Fabiani, Ettore Del Monte, Andrea Alimenti, Enrico Costa et al.

The CUbesat Solar Polarimeter (CUSP) project aims to measure the linear polarization of solar flares in the 25 - 100 keV hard X-ray band using a Compton scattering polarimeter. CUSP is a project in the framework of the Alcor Program of the Italian Space Agency aimed to develop innovative CubeSat technologies and missions. As part of CUSPs Phase B study, initiated in December 2024 and closed on July 2nd, 2026, estimating the in orbit background to optimize the signal-to-background ratio was one o…

astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR

Dust Seeding Molecules in a Massive Protostar -- Detection of TiO in Orion Source I

Ziwei E. Zhang, Nami Sakai, Marcelino Agundez, Linda Podio, Claudio Codella, Tomoya Hirota, Adam Ginsburg, Brett McGuire et al.

We report the first detection of TiO in star-forming regions based on Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of Orion Source I, a well-characterized massive protostar. Multiple rotational transitions are identified, with emission spatially resolved within $\sim 50$ au, showing a compact distribution with a velocity structure consistent with the base of a rotating outflow. The spatial and velocity distributions of TiO are consistent with those of AlO, with both species being ke…

hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-ex

Search for active-sterile neutrino transitions using Pierre Auger Observatory data

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, A. Abdul Halim, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahmed, I. Allekotte, K. Almeida Cheminant, R. Aloisio et al.

We investigate the sensitivity of the Pierre Auger Observatory to physics beyond the Standard Model arising from magnetic-moment-induced transitions between active and heavy sterile neutrinos. Such dipole portal interactions can enhance neutrino-nucleon cross sections above a kinematic threshold set by the sterile neutrino mass, leading to observable modifications of neutrino detection rates at ultrahigh energies (UHE). We estimate the impact of these interactions on both down-going and Earth-sk…

astro-ph.IMastro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR

MiraSOL: a DMD-based spectrograph for resolved solar spectroscopy

Christian Robles, Suvrath Mahadevan, Lawrence Ramsey

We present the science motivation, preliminary design requirements, device laboratory testing and a prototype for an new experimental platform for solar observations, MiraSOL. MiraSOL will use digital micromirror technology to actively select regions on the solar disk for spectroscopic observation to determine the spatially dependent radial velocity signatures of stellar variability, and can create transits on the solar disk to probe the effects of stellar contamination on exoplanet transmission…

astro-ph.HE

Spectral decoherence without depolarization in curvature radiation

A. G. Tevzadze, N. L. Shatashvili

Context: Fast radio bursts often exhibit strong linear polarization together with pronounced spectral structure. Yet in coherent curvature radiation, spectral decoherence and depolarization are not necessarily simultaneous. Aims: We investigate spectral and polarization coherence in curvature radiation from extended ultrarelativistic sources. Methods: Using the coherency matrix formalism together with an asymptotic phase expansion for a uniformly emitting extended source, we derive the spectral…

astro-ph.HEgr-qc

Signatures of Lorentz violation in bright ring for Sgr A* images by radiation ineffective accretion flows

Cuiyu Zhao, Songbai Chen, Jiliang Jing

We have investigated effects of Lorentz violation (LV) on bright ring in Sgr A* images illuminated by the 230 GHz thermal synchrotron emission from radiation ineffective accretion flows around a rotating LV black hole within the low-energy Hořava gravity framework. Our results reveal that the LV parameter reduces the bright ring diameter yet increases its width, luminosity, azimuthal asymmetry and orientation angle. Higher spin parameter strengthens the LV-induced effects on bright ring properti…

astro-ph.SRastro-ph.IM

Cross-Calibration of Chandrayaan-2 XSM with INSPIRESat-1 DAXSS and GOES-16 XRS

N. P. S. Mithun, Santosh V. Vadawale, Asif M. Mandayapuram, M. Shanmugam, Soumya Kohli, Mehul R. Pandya, Anil Bhardwaj, Robert Sewell et al.

X-ray spectroscopic observations of the solar corona and flares provide crucial diagnostics of plasma properties and are essential for understanding the physical processes responsible for coronal heating and solar eruptive activity. The Chandrayaan-2 Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) provides disk-integrated spectra of the Sun in the 1--15~keV soft X-ray band, enabling modeling of the thermal X-ray emission from the corona across quiet phases to intense solar flares. XSM has been operational for about s…

astro-ph.HEastro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR

Probing strange quark matter objects with future space-based gravitational wave detectors DECIGO and BBO

Abdusattar Kurban, Xia Zhou, Na Wang, Yong-Feng Huang, Wenming Yan, Jianping Yuan, Ali Esamdin, Rai Yuen et al.

The Strange Quark Matter (SQM) hypothesis posits that objects composed of SQM could exist across a wide mass range, from strange planets (SPs) to strange stars (SSs). It has been proposed that gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by inspiraling SS-SP systems may be detectable by ground-based GW observatories such as advanced LIGO and the Einstein Telescope. Nevertheless, such a system may undergo an extended period of orbital evolution in a close configuration before entering the inspiraling phase.…