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宇宙工学・惑星科学・宇宙物理の最新プレプリント。

astro-ph.IMcs.CV

Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Multitask Image Analysis in Realistic Context with Extreme Label Shift; Application to the CTAO first Large Sized Telescope

Michaël Dell'aiera, Thomas Vuillaume, Alexandre Benoit

Unsupervised domain adaptation is a widespread set of methods that leverages the knowledge of a labeled source domain to train a model to perform well on a related unlabeled target domain. They generally introduce an auxiliary adaptation-related task that can be integrated into the multitask paradigm, which aims to merge multiple single-task models into a unified architecture. In this paper, we propose to associate domain adaptation and multitask balancing in the realistic context of an extreme…

astro-ph.GAastro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR

A Chemical Inventory of the Disk around the Class 0 Protostar L1527 IRS with ALMA

Merel L. R. van 't Hoff, Łukasz Tychoniec, John J. Tobin, Daniel Harsono

Planet formation starts in disks that are still embedded within their natal envelopes. Here, we compile an extensive inventory of the chemical composition of the disk and envelope ($<$ 3500 au) around the Class 0 protostar L1527 IRS. Using all publicly available ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) data, we report the detection of 39 molecules, including isotopologues. Of these, 22 are different molecular species and 28 are reported here for the first time toward L1527 in ALMA obs…

astro-ph.GA

Ubiquitous Interstellar Neutral Helium Detected with JWST

Jane R. Rigby, D. Koutroumpa, M. Galeazzi, T. Hutchison, K. D. Kuntz, Rosalia O'Brien, Marshall Perrin, F. S. Porter et al.

We report the discovery of ubiquitous neutral helium emission in sky spectra taken with JWST's NIRSpec instrument. The emission, with a wavelength of 1.0833 micron, resembles one of the "sky lines" that are seen by ground-based observatories. We examine this emission in all suitable NIRSpec spectra in the public archive, totaling 22 days of exposure time. We find that this He I emission is almost always present: it is well-detected in 80 percent of the observations, and in 53 percent of the indi…

astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA

Sector-based morphological analysis of four planetary nebulae (J 320, NGC 2610, A 6672 and PRTM 1) observed with UVIT/ASTROSAT

Anisha Hazra, Ranjan Kumar, Sonika Piridi, Ananta C. Pradhan

Four planetary nebulae (PNe), Jonckheere 320, NGC 2610, A 6672, and PRTM 1, have been imaged in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) filter F148W ($λ_{\mathrm {eff}} = 1481\, \mathring{A} $) using the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard ASTROSAT. The FUV images reveal faint extended emission structures surrounding the bright central star. A novel sector-based structural analysis technique was employed to examine the detailed FUV morphologies of PNe. In this method, sector strengths were calculated…

astro-ph.GA

Searching for low-surface-brightness galaxies with compact neural networks A parameter-efficient approach to first-pass selection of diffuse galaxy in HSC-SSP imaging

Günther K. Heemann, Henri Cecatka, Dominik J. Bomans

Low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs) trace a diffuse and observationally challenging regime of galaxy formation that remains highly susceptible to selection effects in optical surveys. We present a hybrid LSBG detection pipeline that integrates compact convolutional neural networks (cCNs) as a morphological validation stage within a multi-step detection framework applied to HSC-SSP imaging. Permissive low-threshold source detection with SEP is followed by cCN-based morphological filtering, ph…

astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR

Dust production in the harsh environment of Sgr A* - MIRI/JWST observation of the O-rich asymptotic giant branch star IRS~3

F. Peißker, M. García Marín, A. Eckart, G. Wright, O. C. Jones, D. Dicken, A. Alonso Herrero, D. Rouan et al.

Studies of the interstellar medium (ISM) have frequently revealed signatures of the dust produced in the envelopes of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, demonstrating a connection between the dust composition of the ISM and that of AGB stellar envelopes. Investigating this relationship in the extreme, radiation-dominated environment surrounding Sgr A*, the center of our own galaxy, reveals how such conditions might influence dust composition and the recycling of material in galactic centers. I…

astro-ph.HEastro-ph.EPastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR

Global simulations of accretion flows onto perturbers embedded in magnetized disks -I. MRI and jet formation in ideal MHD

Raúl O. Chametla, F. J. Sánchez-Salcedo, Martin E. Pessah, Mauricio Reyes-Ruiz

We present the highest resolution global MHD simulations to date of gas flow around a low mass a perturber with mass ratio $q\in[10^{-4},10^{-3}]$, embedded in an accretion disk around a massive central object. We find that gas flow onto the secondary self-consistently forms a turbulent, magnetized mini-accretion disk. The mini-accretion disk sustains a large-scale magnetic field generated by the dynamo effect of the MRI and the accretion flow into the perturber. Simultaneously, a bipolar, colli…

astro-ph.GA

The Environmental Dependence of Star Cluster Demographics

Jianling Tang, Kathryn Grasha, Mark R. Krumholz, Tomasz Różański

Both the star cluster mass function and the lifetimes of clusters may vary with galactic environment, but measuring this variation is challenging because in observational surveys real features of cluster demographics are invariably entangled with catalogue incompleteness. Here we analyse $\approx$ 8300 star clusters in 12 galaxies drawn from the LEGUS survey using the slug Bayesian forward modelling framework coupled to our new c-4 neural network-based completeness estimator, which allows us to…

astro-ph.GA

A Partial Lyman Limit Absorber in the Halo of a Galaxy Pair: A Possible Signature of Gas Inflow

Sumukha R. Bharadwaj, Anand Narayanan, Sowgat Muzahid, Jane C. Charlton, Sebastiano Cantalupo

We present an analysis of a partial Lyman limit system at z = 0.87641 detected in the HST/COS spectrum of the background quasar LBQS 0107-0235. The absorber exhibits a simple kinematic structure, with the metal-lines and the H I Lyman-series absorption well described by a single component. Photoionization modeling yields a gas metallicity of one-tenth solar and a hydrogen number density of n_H \approx 8.5 \times 10^{-4} cm^{-3} (log_{10}(n_H/cm^{-3}) \approx -3.1). At the absorber redshift, the…

astro-ph.HE

Hyperaccreting Magnetised Neutron Stars inside Rotating Massive Envelopes: Low-Power Jets and Precursor Flares

Patrick Chi-Kit Cheong, Christopher L. Fryer, David Radice

The engulfment of a neutron star (NS) by a massive companion initiates a highly dynamic common-envelope (CE) evolution phase. As the NS spirals into the dense stellar core, it is subjected to hypercritical accretion rates that threaten to rapidly collapse the NS into a black hole (BH). However, if the infalling envelope possesses sufficient angular momentum and magnetic fields, the NS might survive longer and launch feedback-driving jets. To investigate this, we perform fully coupled, axisymmetr…

astro-ph.EPcs.LG

A Machine Learning Based Search for Lunar Anomalies

Cameron Kelahan, Daniel Angerhausen, Adam Lesnikowski, Valentin T. Bickel

The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has been collecting high-resolution images (at around 0.5-2 meters per pixel linearly with its Narrow Angle Camera) of the Moon since 2009, amassing a large dataset of images and offering researchers the opportunity to study the surface of the Moon at unprecedented scale. Here, we aim to test the abilities of the Beta-Variational Autoencoder (VAE) created by Lesnikowski et al. (2024), an unsupervised learning model which identifies anomalous features across…

astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR

Rapid Orbital Decay in the Ultracompact Double-degenerate Binary eRASSU J060839.5$-$704014

Rahul Sharma, Chandreyee Maitra, Frank Haberl, Joheen Chakraborty, Susanne Friedrich, Yong-Feng Huang, Chichuan Jin, Zhaosheng Li et al.

We present timing and spectral analysis of the recently identified ultracompact double-degenerate (DD) white dwarf binary eRASSU J060839.5$-$704014 using observations from NICER and Einstein Probe (EP), together with archival XMM-Newton data. By phase-connecting the long-term XMM-Newton, NICER, and EP observations, we obtain a coherent quadratic timing solution, yielding an orbital period of 374.15013 (2) s and an orbital decay rate of $\dot{P}= -4.7\,(1) \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{~s~s^{-1}}$. Thi…

astro-ph.IMastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR

Kratos-linerad: GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo radiative transfer of lines with efficient imaging

Lile Wang

Spectral lines encode the velocity, the temperature, and the chemical structure of astrophysical gas; interpreting them requires radiative transfer that is accurate at high optical depth, consistent with the local excitation, and efficient enough to synthesize velocity-resolved images. We present Kratos-linerad, a GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo radiative transfer code for spectral lines. The level populations can be iterated to statistical equilibrium together with the escaping photon distribution,…

astro-ph.HE

Astrophysical origins of TeV features in the cosmic-ray lepton spectrum

Zhen Xie, Ruizhi Yang

Precise measurements of high-energy cosmic-ray electrons and positrons have revealed spectral structures that are difficult to capture with a single smooth power-law background. The rising positron fraction measured by PAMELA and AMS-02, together with the all-electron excess reported by ATIC and the high-precision all-electron spectrum measured by DAMPE, has motivated interpretations ranging from nearby astrophysical accelerators to dark-matter annihilation or decay. In this work we revisit the…

math.NAastro-ph.IMphysics.comp-phphysics.flu-dyn

High-order fully discrete multi-entropy-stable and bound-preserving schemes for relativistic Euler equations

Linfeng Xu, Kailiang Wu

A discrete entropy inequality is the principal nonlinear stability estimate available for systems of conservation laws, and evaluating it presupposes a physically admissible state. So far, however, the two have been secured separately. Entropy-stable schemes are almost always semi-discrete, are built around one selected entropy pair, and take for granted the positivity of density and pressure that makes the entropy well defined in the first place, whereas bound-preserving limiters keep the solut…

astro-ph.GA

AGN activity in nearby disk galaxies: the roles of bar strength and spiral-arm morphology

Zh. R. Martirosyan, A. A. Hakobyan, V. Adibekyan, L. V. Barkhudaryan, M. H. Gevorgyan, A. G. Karapetyan

(abridged) We investigate the dependence of AGN activity on bar strength and spiral-arm morphology in nearby spiral galaxies, with particular emphasis on disentangling their individual and joint effects while controlling for galaxy stellar mass and color. We constructed a sample of 843 morphologically undisturbed Sa-Sd galaxies from the MaNGA survey in the redshift range $0.026 \leq z \leq 0.1$. Bar strengths, stellar masses, colors, and AGN classes were adopted from the literature, while spiral…

astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA

Impact of disk magnetic fields on the propagation of stellar-scale jets in the magnetically arrested accretion disks of active galactic nuclei

Bao-Quan Huang, Tong Liu, Jian-Fu Zhang

It is widely recognized that active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks host numerous massive stars and compact objects. Stellar-scale jets triggered by collapses of massive stars and mergers of compact objects could propagate through the disk and produce observable electromagnetic radiation. Magnetically arrested disks (MADs), supported by both numerical simulations and observations, possess strong magnetic fields (MFs). As jets travel within such environments, the MFs should regulate jet evolution an…

astro-ph.IM

Pointing Model Meets Deep Learning: A Retrospective Study on a MeerKAT+ Telescope Applying Deep Learning Methods for Blind Pointing Corrections

Stefan Thoms, Matthias Reichert

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of deep learning methods, specifically Feedforward Neural Networks (FNNs), with traditional Pointing Models (PMs) for compensating Blind Pointing Errors in astronomical instruments. Ambitious projects like the ongoing study for the Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) inspired the investigation of possible improvements to traditional Pointing Error (PE) modeling. The study assesses the practicality of FNNs by applying them to data f…

astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM

The Role of Extended-Source Geometry and Diurnal Cycles on Exoplanetary Thermal Baselines: Reconciling the Brightness Temperature of 55 Cancri e

Mradumay Sadh

This study augments the geometry-based InstellCa code that calculates accurate irradiance values to InstellCa-2.0, which computes the longitude averaged instellation over a given latitude on the planet along with its thermal profile. The estimation of instellation is performed considering the planet as a 3D body that rotates with respect to the star with a varying zenith angle of the star across the diurnal cycle. We focus on the implications of irradiation geometry on a specific class of ultra-…

astro-ph.IM

Optimizing Wavefront-Deformation Sensor Placement for Active Radio-Telescope Surfaces

Stefan Thoms, Martin Timpe, Matthias Reichert

Next-generation high-frequency radio telescopes require primary-surface accuracies that passive structures alone cannot reliably achieve. The Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST), a 50 m single-dish concept operating up to $\approx$ 1 THz, imposes a $\approx$ 20 $μ$m rms surface-accuracy requirement across its full aperture. This is practically unattainable for a purely passive reflector subject to gravitational, thermal, and wind-induced deformation. Closed-loop active collim…

nucl-thastro-ph.HEgr-qc

Hadron-quark phase transitions along proto-neutron-star evolution

P. Laskos-Patkos, P. S. Koliogiannis, Ch. C. Moustakidis

The new era of multi-messenger astronomy requires the accurate and self-consistent derivation of the nuclear equation of state at high temperature. In the present work, we focused on the calculation of hot hybrid equations of state, studying the different evolution stages of a proto-neutron star with a quark matter core (proto-hybrid star). For the hadronic matter we used two distinct Skyrme effective interactions, while for quark matter the well-known vector MIT bag model was employed. To model…

astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE

Statistical inference of fast radio burst environments using galaxy number density

Vignesh V. V. Rao, Tetsuya Hashimoto, Tomotsugu Goto, Shotaro Yamasaki, Mohanraj Madheshwaran, Sridhar Gajendran, Tomoki Wada, Simon C. -C. Ho et al.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright, millisecond-duration radio transients of unknown origin. They are categorized as repeaters and non-repeaters, possibly indicating distinct progenitor types. However, validating this distinction is difficult because of the limited number of localized FRBs. Large-scale galactic environments can provide insight into the nature of the host galaxies of FRBs and their progenitors. High-number-density regions are typically associated with old galaxies, whereas low-n…

gr-qcastro-ph.GA

A Dynamical-Photometric Phase Space for Spiral Galaxies: Probing the Local Coupling Between Light and Gravity

Aritra Sanyal, Farook Rahaman

The interplay between luminous matter distribution and the local gravitational field within disc galaxies encodes physical information beyond that captured by global scaling relations. We introduce a \emph{dynamical--photometric phase space} defined by the kinematic variable $X(R)=V(R)/R$ and the photometric variable $Y(R)=\mathrm{d}\ln I/\mathrm{d}\ln R$, placing the local gravitational scale and the logarithmic surface brightness gradient into direct pointwise correspondence at each galactocen…

astro-ph.IMastro-ph.CO

Foreground Subtraction with a Tensor-Based Oriented Singular Value Decomposition Method for HI Experiments

Shifan Zuo, Xuelei Chen, Yi Mao

We introduce a native tensor-based framework for foreground mitigation in 21\,cm intensity mapping (IM), utilizing the Oriented Singular Value Decomposition (O-SVD) algorithm. While 21\,cm IM is a powerful probe of the large-scale structure of the Universe, its efficacy is severely limited by astrophysical foregrounds that are orders of magnitude brighter than the cosmological signal. Traditional mitigation strategies often necessitate flattening multidimensional data cubes into two-dimensional…

astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA

Multi-tracer mass bias in matched cosmic voids from SDSS DR7 and the ELUCID constrained simulation

Youcai Zhang, Xiaohu Yang, Hong Guo, Peng Wang

Cosmic voids provide a unique environment for studying the relationship between galaxies, subhaloes, and dark matter in the underdense Universe. Using the SDSS galaxy catalogue and the ELUCID constrained simulation, we establish an observationally anchored framework for measuring multi-tracer mass bias within matched cosmic voids. A sample of 102 matched void pairs is constructed to directly compare galaxy, subhalo, and dark matter mass distributions within an observationally constrained realisa…

astro-ph.GA

Unveiling Metal Mixing in a Grand-Design Spiral: A UV-optical multiphase spatially resolved study of M83

Adarsh Ranjan, Bethan L. James, Svea Hernandez, R. Rickards Vaught, Nimisha Kumari, Alessandra Aloisi, Peter Zeidler

We present a spatially resolved, multiphase study of chemical enrichment around young star clusters (YSCs) in the nearby grand-design spiral M83 by combining far-ultraviolet(UV) absorption-line spectroscopy from HST/COS with cospatial optical spectroscopy from VLT/MUSE and LBT/MODS. Our sample includes 18 YSCs spanning spectroscopic ages of ~1-6 Myr and galactocentric radii out to R/R_{25}=0.56. Neutral (H I) abundances were derived from UV absorption-line spectroscopy and compared with ionised…

astro-ph.HEastro-ph.CO

Locating the missing baryons in the warm-hot intergalactic medium with fast radio bursts and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect

Dao-Hong Zhai, F. Y. Wang, Zi-Gao Dai, Renyue Cen

Traditional astronomical censuses in the late-time Universe can only account for a fraction of the baryonic matter budget. Hydrodynamical simulations predict that the missing baryons reside in the vast filamentary structures of the cosmic web as a highly diffuse, warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). Observing the WHIM directly has remained a long-standing challenge due to its typical temperature. In this study, we report the first detection of spatial cross-correlations between the dispersion m…

astro-ph.GA

An Identifiability Audit of One-Parameter Structural Corrections to the Radial Acceleration Relation in SPARC

Lukas A. Sosna

We ask whether any one-parameter structural correction to the radial acceleration relation (RAR) can be uniquely recovered from SPARC rotation curves, and answer with an identifiability audit: each candidate is benchmarked against per-galaxy nuisance freedom, with predictive scoring against mass-only and data-quality baselines. In the full sample (N = 126) the answer is no: a hybrid compactness term improves the fit, but zero-point freedom absorbs the gain, and in cross-validation the model fail…

eess.SYastro-ph.IMmath.OC

Horizon-Dependent Tube MPC for Spacecraft Rendezvous on Elliptical Orbits with Conditional Robust Constraint Satisfaction

Omer Burak Iskender

Spacecraft rendezvous on elliptical orbits must hold a safety corridor under navigation noise, unmodelled perturbations, and thrust errors driven by propellant mass uncertainty. This paper develops a tube-based model predictive controller for the Yamanaka-Ankersen linear time-varying dynamics, carrying constraint-tightening tube methods from circular to elliptical orbits. A horizon-dependent, element-wise error bound propagates the actual closed-loop matrices along the prediction window, so earl…

astro-ph.EP

Atmospheric Diversity of Giant Planet Analogs from 3-5um with SPHEREx

Rocio Kiman, Brendan P. Bowler, Jerry W. Xuan, Narisara Mayer, Claire Finley

The emergent spectra of giant planets peak at thermal infrared wavelengths (3-5um) and possess atmospheric features in this regime that trace carbon chemistry, vertical mixing, clouds, and composition. However, this spectral region is challenging to access from the ground, and with JWST generally requires an independent pointing for each target. SPHEREx is providing all-sky spectra of millions of sources from 0.75-5um, enabling both individual and population-level studies of isolated and widely…