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宇宙工学・惑星科学・宇宙物理の最新プレプリント。

astro-ph.SR

Observational Insights into Post-Main-Sequence Rotation and Magnetism: 20 Years of Science, from the Subgiant to the White Dwarf Phase

Emily Hatt

Rotation and magnetism are important phenomena to consider when trying to understand stars. By shaping the structure and chemical mixing in the interior of stars, they can induce significant changes in both their fundamental and observable properties. Despite this, our theoretical picture of how rotation and magnetism evolve throughout the stellar lifecycle remains incomplete. Gaps in our understanding are particularly stark for evolved stars, where slow rotation rates and weak magnetic fields m…

astro-ph.SRastro-ph.IM

Spectroscopic Binary Detection as Agent-Callable Tools: Detecting 40,000+ Main-Sequence Binary Candidates from SDSS DR19 APOGEE Spectra

Serat M. Saad, Yuan-Sen Ting

Unresolved binaries are common in spectroscopic surveys, and their blended light biases the parameters inferred for them. Methods to detect them exist, but applying one to a new data release is limited mostly by operating know-how that is rarely written down. We package the double-lined spectroscopic binary decomposition of El-Badry et al. (2018b) for reuse on APOGEE spectra, with the executable operations as nine tool servers built on the Model Context Protocol (MCP) and the operating decisions…

astro-ph.HE

Wind-confined jet collimation revealed by the acceleration-phase photosphere of GRB 220426A

Felix Ryde, Asaf Pe'er

We analyze the prompt emission of the exceptionally bright GRB 220426A observed by Fermi/GBM, whose time-resolved spectra are among the narrowest measured in any GRB. Here we show that observations during the first $\sim 5$s are consistent with the signal being emitted while the jet was still in the initial radiation-dominated acceleration phase. The time-resolved spectra allow the effective launch radius, $r_0$, to be inferred with unusual precision. We find $r_0 \sim \mathrm{few} \times 10^{10…

astro-ph.GA

ATLAS. III. Dust Around Little Red Dots: Hydrogen Line Ratios beyond Dust-free Non-Case B Models

Tomokazu Kiyota, Masami Ouchi, Hiroto Yanagisawa, Makoto Ando, Yuichi Harikane, Yuta Kageura, Minami Nakane, Yurina Nakazato et al.

We investigate broad hydrogen line ratios in little red dots (LRDs) using five high-redshift ($z>2$) sources from JWST/NIRSpec medium/high-resolution spectra in the DAWN JWST Archive and fifteen low-redshift sources ($z=0.1$--$0.9$) from the literature, all with broad H$β$ detected at $>5σ$. After carefully measuring the broad-line fluxes while accounting for absorption features and neighboring emission lines, we find that the broad H$α$/H$β$ ratios are very high, ranging from 6 to 30, well abov…

astro-ph.SR

Evidence for Solar-Cycle Modulation of the Alpha-to-Proton Temperature Ratio in Solar Wind

Aakash Gupta, Yogesh, Dibyendu Chakrabarty, Leon Ofman, Gregory G. Howes

The influence of collisional age $(A_c)$ on the alpha-to-proton temperature ratio $(T_α/T_p)$ has been explored in the past. However, the modulation of this ratio with respect to the solar cycle has remained unexplored so far. We show solar-cycle modulation of $T_α/T_p$ and $A_c$ using nearly three decades of in-situ observations from Wind spacecraft across distinct solar wind speed regimes and solar activity phases. Our results reveal that in the slow solar wind with velocity $ 1$, the ratio $T…

gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-ph

Radiative Signatures from Warp Drives Traveling Through the Earth's Atmosphere

Shaun David Brocus Fell, Abraham Loeb

We investigate the observable signatures of zero ADM mass warp drive spacetimes traversing Earth's atmosphere. Numerical simulations indicate that an aircraft-scale spacetime bubble moving at relativistic velocities would have a pronounced observational signature, where interaction with the atmosphere can produce luminosities exceeding one terawatt. The signature of a spacetime bubble at rest or moving at low velocity relative to the Earth would not generate such extreme luminosities. These resu…

astro-ph.IM

Wavefront Profiling via correlation of GLAO open loop telemetry

Eden A. McEwen, Ryan Dungee, Mark Chun, Jessica R. Lu, Olivier Lai, Christoph Baranec

Adaptive Optics (AO) used in ground based observatories can be strengthened in both design and algorithms by a more detailed understanding of the atmosphere they seek to correct. Nowhere is this more true than on Maunakea, where a clearer profile of the atmosphere informs AO system development from the small separations of Extreme AO (ExAO) to the wide field Ground Layer AO (GLAO). Employing telemetry obtained from the 'imaka GLAO demonstrator on the University of Hawaii 2.2-meter telescope, we…

astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP

Bernhard-1: An Eccentric Binary Periodically Obscured by its Misaligned Circumbinary Disk

Zhecheng Hu, Wei Zhu, Ping Chen, Richard Post, Weicheng Zang

Bernhard-1 is a proposed KH 15D-like circumbinary disk occultation (CBO) system, but its binary nature and disk geometry have not previously been confirmed. We present new optical and near-infrared spectroscopy together with multi-band photometric monitoring of the system. The radial velocities confirm that Bernhard-1 hosts a highly eccentric binary with $e = 0.80 \pm 0.09$, confirming that the periodic photometric variability arises from occultation by a misaligned circumbinary disk. Joint mode…

astro-ph.IM

Application of continuous corrections in widefield imaging obtained with the IDGCAL calibration method

Sebastiaan van der Tol

Image Domain Gridding (IDG) is an efficient method to evaluate A-projection, a method for correcting for direction dependent effects (DDEs) in radio astronomical imaging. The corrections i.e. the A-terms need to be estimated from the observed data through calibration. IDG-CAL is a calibration algorithm that employs the IDG algorithm in an iterative fashion to estimate A-terms directly. Initial results for low order A-terms are promising, however for deeper images higher order A-terms are needed.…

astro-ph.SR

Exploring the long-term temporal variability in polarization through multi-epoch optical spectro-polarimetry - Part II: A sample of symbiotic and red-giant stars

Arijit Maiti. Ruchi Pandey, Sube Singh Gurjar, Mudit K. Srivastava

Measuring polarization and its temporal variability in the continuum and across emission features provides a powerful probe of the small-scale circumstellar environments of astrophysical sources, on spatial scales otherwise inaccessible to direct imaging techniques. However, the photon-hungry nature of spectro-polarimetry has significantly limited the availability of such datasets in the literature. Here we present the results of a multi-epoch spectro-polarimetric survey of a sample of symbiotic…

astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR

SIRIUS Project: Dynamical Evolution of Primordial Binaries during Star Cluster Formation

Naoto Harada, Michiko S. Fujii, Takayuki R. Saitoh, Yutaka Hirai

Binary populations are closely linked to the star formation process; however, their primordial properties can be changed by subsequent dynamical interactions within their natal clusters. The aim of this study is to clarify how different primordial binary populations affect the evolution of multiplicity and the global structure of forming star clusters. We investigate the dynamical evolution of primordial binaries during star cluster formation using self-consistent Nbody/smoothed particle hydrody…

astro-ph.HE

Synchrotron-Regulated Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence: Emission, Polarization, and Faraday Rotation

Xiaochen Sun, Luca Comisso Lorenzo Sironi, Anatoly Spitkovsky, Alexander Philippov

Relativistic magnetized plasmas in many high-energy astrophysical systems are both turbulent and strongly radiative, yet their nonlinear dynamics and radiative outcomes remain poorly understood. Here we present results from three-dimensional driven turbulence simulations in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics with synchrotron cooling. We compute Faraday rotation measures, synthetic synchrotron spectra and linear polarization maps from the simulated turbulence. The balance between energy injection…

astro-ph.HE

Synchrotron-Regulated Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence: Emission, Polarization, and Faraday Rotation

Xiaochen Sun, Luca Comisso, Lorenzo Sironi, Anatoly Spitkovsky, Alexander Philippov

Relativistic magnetized plasmas in many high-energy astrophysical systems are both turbulent and strongly radiative, yet their nonlinear dynamics and radiative outcomes remain poorly understood. Here we present results from three-dimensional driven turbulence simulations in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics with synchrotron cooling. We compute Faraday rotation measures, synthetic synchrotron spectra and linear polarization maps from the simulated turbulence. The balance between energy injection…

astro-ph.SR

Exploring the long-term temporal variability in polarization through multi-epoch optical spectro-polarimetry - Part I: A sample of Herbig Ae/Be and classical Be stars

Arijit Maiti, Mudit K. Srivastava

Polarization signatures across emission line features, together with their temporal evolution, offer a powerful probe of the circumstellar environments of astrophysical sources, on spatial scales otherwise inaccessible to direct imaging techniques. However, the photon-hungry nature of spectro-polarimetry has significantly limited the availability of such datasets in the literature. This work reports a multi-epoch spectro-polarimetric monitoring campaign targeting a sample of Herbig Ae/Be and cla…

astro-ph.IMgr-qchep-ph

Full-Covariance Bayesian Inference of Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background with Time-Domain Simulations for Taiji-like Missions

Qingyuan Liang, Ju Chen, Minghui Du, Huai-Ke Guo

For Taiji-like missions, we implement a Bayesian spectral inference framework that combines second-generation time-domain (TD) simulations of time-delay interferometry (TDI) with a frequency-domain (FD) spectral likelihood for stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) analyses. The X, Y, Z Michelson streams generated with Triangle-Simulator are divided into finite segments, Fourier transformed, and modeled with a segment-dependent complex 3 x 3 covariance matrix. For each segment we evalua…

astro-ph.HE

Real-time observations of the transition to the quiescent state in an accreting magnetised neutron star: No propeller required?

Sergey S. Tsygankov, Galina Lipunova, Valery F. Suleimanov, Alexander Salganik, Alexander A. Mushtukov, Sofia V. Forsblom, Andrey S. Tavleev, Aleksei V. Kuzin et al.

The final stages of outbursts in transient X-ray pulsars (XRPs), which are characterised by a significant decline in the mass accretion rate, provide valuable insight into the physics of the accretion disc and its interaction with the strong magnetic field of the neutron star (NS). In particular, the `propeller effect', or centrifugal inhibition of accretion, has been proposed as a key mechanism governing both the onset luminosity and the timescale of the rapid transition to the quiescent state.…

physics.space-pheess.SYmath.OC

LQR Design For Formation Flying Near Halo Orbits Exploiting Quasi-Periodic Symmetry In Toroidal Coordinates

Joaquin G. Lopez-Cepero, Rafael Vazquez, Julio C. Sanchez

This work presents the design of a Linear Quadratic Regulator for relative motion control near periodic orbits in the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CR3BP), formulated in non-singular toroidal coordinates. The key result exploits the rotational quasi-periodicity of the toroidal coordinate transformation. A uniqueness argument on the stabilizing solution of the associated difference Riccati equation proves the optimal control gains need only be computed for a single orbital period. The c…

astro-ph.GA

A Wandering 35,000-Solar-Mass Black Hole Fed by a Gravitational Wake

Xin Li, Yong Shi, Fuyan Bian, Junfeng Wang, Shude Mao, Qiusheng Gu, Yifei Jin, Yanmei Chen et al.

Intermediate-mass black holes are widely considered to be the seeds of supermassive black holes, a substantial population of which is expected to remain displaced from galactic nuclei owing to hierarchical galaxy assembly and inefficient dynamical friction. While several fueling channels can sustain central black holes, those pathways are largely inaccessible to off-nuclear black holes, leaving their fuel supply uncertain. As these wandering black holes move through the interstellar medium of th…

astro-ph.EP

Toward a unified framework for helium observations and interpretation of atmospheric escape

Carteret Yann, Bourrier Vincent

Atmospheric escape is considered a key process in shaping exoplanet demographics and evolution. The near-infrared metastable helium triplet (HeI at ~10833Å) is one of the most powerful tracers of hydrodynamical outflows. In recent years, a large variety of instruments have been used to detect and characterize expanding upper atmospheres. High-resolution (HR) spectrographs, which can spectrally resolve the lines of the triplet, have been mostly used to probe the dynamics of atmospheric escape. Mo…

astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-th

Transmutation Timescales for Dark Matter Induced Collapse of Compact Stars into Black Holes

H. A. Adarsha, Chandrachur Chakraborty, Sudip Bhattacharyya

Ultra-heavy asymmetric dark matter (DM) particles captured by compact stars can thermalize, self-gravitate, and collapse to form an endoparasitic black hole (EBH), whose subsequent growth may transmute the host star into a black hole. The continued existence of old millisecond pulsars (MSPs) and white dwarfs (WDs) thus places powerful constraints on the DM particle mass $m_χ$ and the DM-nucleon scattering cross-section $σ_{\rm nχ}$. We derive an analytical expression for the transmutation timesc…

astro-ph.GAastro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR

Mapping the Inner Milky Way with Infrared-Derived Distances to AGB Stars

Rajorshi Bhattacharya, Subhajit Kar, Loránt O. Sjouwerman, Anupam Bhardwaj

The structure and evolution of the Milky Way (MW) can be traced with distance estimates to the evolved stellar populations in the inner galactic region. However, direct astrometric distances remain unavailable or highly uncertain for the majority of these sources due to instrumental limitations, large angular diameters, and complex variability. In this work, we develop a supervised machine-learning model to estimate statistical distances to oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars selecte…

gr-qcastro-ph.HE

Two-Fluid Schwarzschild Solution

Rico Zöllner, Burkhard Kämpfer

We consider the interior two-fluid Schwarzschild solution. That is a model of compact (neutron) stars with admixed dark matter. The two constant energy densities generalize the interior Schwarschild solution to the case of two fluids (representing standard model matter and dark matter, for instance), interacting mutually solely by the common gravitational field. In general, the two-fluid core is surrounded by a one-fluid corona (envelope). Only for special parameters (the model depends on energy…

astro-ph.IM

Comparing realtime optical gain measurement and methods on MagAO-X

Eden McEwen, Jared R. Males, Olivier Guyon, Sebastiaan Y. Haffert, Vincent Deo, Joseph D. Long, Logan A. Pearce, Laird M. Close et al.

A lingering technical challenge for pyramid wavefront sensors (PyWFS) is their change in response between calibration and correction residuals, a quantity known as optical gain (OG). Given the prevalent use of PyWFSs in current and planned high contrast adaptive optics (AO), understanding and reliably measuring OG for realtime control unlocks advanced correction and post processing techniques. The OG quantity as an unknown inhibits a system's ability to stably correct non common path errors, rec…

astro-ph.HEgr-qc

Electromagnetic responses driven by gravitational-wave memory in magnetar-flare outflows

Wen-Biao Han

An asymmetric relativistic outflow from a magnetar giant flare produces a step-like gravitational-wave (GW) memory. In the magnetized pair plasma surrounding the star, such GW memory drives transverse electromagnetic (EM) X-mode/fast-magnetosonic responses at the corresponding frequencies. We use this GW-memory spectrum to drive a global wave equation for a cold electron--positron pair plasma. With radiative boundary conditions excluding incoming waves, the driven response forms an outgoing EM m…

astro-ph.HE

Two new highly scattered fast radio bursts: evidence for scatter broadening by the circumsource medium

Joscha N. Jahns-Schindler, Keith W. Bannister, Adam T. Deller, Xinping Deng, Marcin Glowacki, Alexa C. Gordon, Vivek Gupta, Akhil Jaini et al.

We found two highly scattered Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) during commissioning of the Commensal Realtime ASKAP Fast Transient COherent (CRACO) backend. FRB 240210D and FRB 240312D have scattering times of $34\pm6$ and $300\pm48$ ms, respectively, when scaled to 1 GHz. FRB 240312D originates near a spiral arm of a face-on galaxy at a redshift of only 0.05. Scintillation from a Milky Way screen constrains the distance of the scattering screen to $\sim 10$ pc from the source. FRB 240312D is therefore…

astro-ph.HE

JWST Spectroscopy of Type Ia Supernova 2025rbs from Maximum Light to the Nebular Phase

Lindsey A. Kwok, Stéphane Blondin, Adam A. Miller, Saurabh W. Jha, Willem B. Hoogendam, Cameron M. Pfeffer, Eyouel Z. Abate, Jennifer E. Andrews et al.

We present JWST observations of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2025rbs ($D=$14.5 Mpc) at +1, +23, and +84 days after B-band maximum, spanning peak light through a wavelength-dependent transition toward the nebular phase. Combined with ground-based optical and near-infrared (NIR) data, our panchromatic spectra (0.4-14 $μ$m) include the first maximum-light mid-infrared (MIR) spectrum and the earliest MIR spectroscopic sequence of an SN Ia to date. At peak light, the MIR spectrum exhibits a continuu…

astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR

PDS 70 c and SR 12 c: Observational Constraints on Giant-Planet and Satellite Formation

Ignacio Mosqueira

PDS~70~c and SR~12~c are the only bound planetary-mass objects with secure cold submillimeter disk detections. Together they constrain giant-planet growth and satellite formation. The PDS~70 planets exhibit remarkable parallels to the Jupiter--Saturn pair in our Solar System. Both PDS~70 planets accrete within one shared gap, which links their final masses, the material reaching each Hill sphere, and the properties of the circumplanetary disk. Planetary torques deplete this finite reservoir, cau…

astro-ph.HE

An Optically Motivated Gamma-ray Study of Fermi-LAT Novae

Owen K. Henry, Timothy A. D. Paglione, David Zurek, Joshua Tan

High-energy (GeV) gamma-ray emission from nova eruptions was a surprise detection by the Fermi-LAT in 2010. Since then, it has been suggested that the gamma-rays from these systems are generated in collisionless non-relativistic shocks. In this theory, the observed correlation between optical and gamma-ray nova lightcurves naturally arises if a portion of the optical luminosity is reprocessed shock power. In this work, we investigate this scenario by analyzing Fermi-LAT-detected novae in varied…

gr-qcastro-ph.GA

Effects of Quantum Spin-Connection Foam in the Solar System, Galaxies, and the Universe

Igor V. Kanatchikov, Valery A. Kholodnyi

We argue that effects of the quantum spin-connection foam, which describes quantum gravity according to the precanonical quantization of General Relativity, may already be observed in the form of the small cosmological constant and a modification of Newtonian dynamics at small accelerations, manifested in the flat rotation curves of galaxies. We obtain a modification of the Newtonian potential that takes into account the existence of a fundamental small acceleration scale, $a_* = 8πG\hbar\varkap…

astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE

Evidence for Enhancement in the Rate of Fast Radio Bursts Toward Galaxy Clusters

Mawson W. Sammons, Airene Ahuja, Matt Dobbs, Zarif Kader, Evan Davies-Velie, Mohit Bhardwaj, Charanjot Brar, Amanda M. Cook et al.

Massive galaxy clusters can introduce gravitational lensing and populations of suppressed star formation member galaxies into the line of sight, potentially changing the distribution of observable sources toward them from that of the average sky. As a result, Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) aligned with galaxy clusters can provide a unique window into parameter spaces of the FRB population that other lines of sight do not afford. In this study, we demonstrate that the second CHIME/FRB baseband catalog…