研究動向

astro-ph.IM2026年8月8日

On-sky capabilities and performance of the Keck All Sky Precision Adaptive Optics system

Avinash Surendran, Maxwell Service, Jacques R. Delorme, Carlos M. Correia, Marcos A. Van Dam, Eduardo Marin, Antonin Bouchez, Peter Wizinowich et al.

The Keck All Sky Precision Adaptive optics (KAPA) project upgrades the Keck I adaptive optics system to enable laser tomography using a four laser guide star (LGS) asterism. KAPA is now in operation in both narrow field and wide field modes to optimize correction on-axis or over the science field of view of the camera. The use of four LGSs, in conjunction with a tomographic reconstructor and pseudo open-loop control, leads to a significant reduction in wavefront error. We describe the overall ar…

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astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR2026年8月8日

Do Accretion Disks Get Bent Out of Shape? Investigating the Origin of Rapid Fluctuations in the Tails of Long Thermonuclear X-ray Bursts

D. R. Ballantyne, N. Degenaar

Thermonuclear X-ray bursts from the surfaces of neutron stars affect the surrounding accretion flow, revealing details of the underlying physical processes influencing accretion physics. In this context, we perform a spectral analysis of 5 long X-ray bursts that exhibit temporary rapid flux variations during the tails of their light curves. In all cases, spectra extracted from before, during and after the time of fluctuations show evidence for relativistic, ionized reflection with the blackbody…

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astro-ph.GA2026年8月8日

The Circumgalactic Medium of Present-Epoch Luminous Galaxies as Probed by CIV Absorption

Mark A. Croom, Christopher W. Churchill, Bart Wakker, Glenn G. Kacprzak, Nikole M. Nielsen

We studied CIV 1548,1550 absorption in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of 88 isolated, bright (L_B > 0.2L*_B) galaxies at z 0.1 angstroms, we found absorption in the CGM of 9/88 of the galaxies within projected separation R_perp -10.75]. To a confidence level of 99.998% (4.3-sigma), we can rule out that these absorbers are drawn from a random distribution of galaxy-quasar azimuthal angles. These findings suggest strong evidence for biconical polar winds related to the moderately elevated star fo…

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astro-ph.GA2026年8月8日

Circumgalactic CIV Absorption Found Only Within 30 Degrees of the Minor Axis of Present-Epoch Galaxies

Mark A. Croom, Christopher W. Churchill, Bart Wakker, Glenn G. Kacprzak, Nikole M. Nielsen

We studied CIV 1548,1550 absorption in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of 88 isolated, bright (L_B > 0.2L*_B) galaxies at z 0.1 angstroms, we found absorption in the CGM of 9/88 of the galaxies within projected separation R_perp -10.75]. To a confidence level of 99.998% (4.3-sigma), we can rule out that these absorbers are drawn from a random distribution of galaxy-quasar azimuthal angles. These findings suggest strong evidence for biconical polar winds related to the moderately elevated star fo…

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astro-ph.IMastro-ph.EP2026年8月8日

Spectrally dispersed non-redundant aperture-masking interferometry in the thermal infrared with LBTI/ALES

T. A. Stuber, J. M. Stone, J. W. Isbell, T. De Prins, J. P. Scott, J. A. Eisner, J. Carlson, S. Ertel et al.

Non-redundant aperture-masking interferometry maximizes the angular resolution of a telescope by turning it into an interferometric array using pupil plane masks. If the interference pattern on the detector is spectrally dispersed, deeper contrasts of the astrophysical scenery and an improved coverage of its spatial Fourier modes is achieved. We combined a non-redundant aperture mask with the integral field spectrograph ALES of LMIRcam at the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI). With…

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astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE2026年8月8日

Mapping gas accretion and stellar kinematics to sub-kiloparsec scales in NGC 4696 with JWST/NIRSpec

Mathieu Marquis, Julie Hlavacek-Larrondo, Olivia Pereira, Michael Reefe, Hyunseop Choi, Jorge Barrera-Ballesteros, Benjamin Vigneron, Ming Sun et al.

We present JWST/NIRSpec IFU spectroscopy of the central $618\times618$ pc$^2$ ($\sim3''\times3''$) of NGC 4696, the BCG in the Centaurus cluster. Leveraging the $\sim0.1''$ ($20.6$ pc) pixel size of JWST, we resolve a compact circumnuclear rotating disk (radius of $\sim120$ pc) traced by Pa$α$ and H$_2$ 1$-$0 S(1) emission, which allows a reassessment of the AGN position based on the kinematic centre of this disk. A central Pa$α$ velocity dispersion reaching $σ\sim449$ km s$^{-1}$ implies a SMBH…

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astro-ph.HEgr-qc2026年8月8日

Capture Driven Evolution of Asymmetric Dark Matter in Non-rotating Neutron Stars

Peiran Liu, Wenrong Sun

We develop a self-consistent framework that connects dark matter capture to the long term accumulation and structural evolution of neutron stars, allowing us to quantify the impact of capture driven asymmetric dark matter on gravitational wave observables over astrophysical timescales. We model cold, non-rotating neutron stars using a three layer polytropic EoS coupled to a dark matter component through the two fluid Tolman Oppenheimer Volkoff equations, and reconstruct the long term evolution u…

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astro-ph.HEgr-qcnucl-th2026年8月8日

Fast and Accurate Prediction of Neutron Star Structure with Deep Neural Networks

Kaushikk V N, Bhaskar Biswas, Stephan Rosswog

Solving the Tolman--Oppenheimer--Volkoff (TOV) equations, together with the tidal perturbation equations, for large numbers of equation-of-state (EOS) samples is a major computational bottleneck in Bayesian inference of the dense-matter EOS, and this will become increasingly limiting as next-generation observatories deliver far larger and more precise datasets. We develop neural-network surrogates for the forward TOV mapping that predict neutron star mass, radius, and tidal deformability simulta…

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astro-ph.HE2026年8月8日

X-Ray Observation of Type II Supernova 2024ggi

Elisa J. Gao, Vikram V. Dwarkadas

We investigate the Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray emission from the core-collapse SN 2024ggi. Spectral fitting is carried out using the vapec model. We find X-ray temperatures between 5-7 keV, lower than the value assumed by previous authors by about a factor of 4-6. However the unabsorbed flux is consistent with published values within the error bars. The X-ray luminosity evolution is somewhat steeper than expected for a steady wind, although it could be consistent with a steady wind within the e…

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astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COastro-ph.HE2026年8月8日

The large-scale ordered magnetic field in the Galactic halo and the Local Bubble

Elena Orlando

All-sky synchrotron polarization observations are the primary probe of the Galactic large-scale ordered magnetic field, which includes both coherent and ordered random components. However, magnetic-field strength estimates from synchrotron observations depend on the assumed cosmic-ray electron model, which itself depends on the magnetic-field configuration and strength throughout the Galaxy. We aim to constrain the strength of the large-scale ordered magnetic field in the Galactic halo through a…

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astro-ph.GA2026年8月8日

Radial Stellar Age Gradients in 42 Local Volume Dwarf Galaxies

Roger E. Cohen, Kristen B. W. McQuinn, O. Grace Telford, Liese Van Zee, Laura Congreve Hunter, Andrew E. Dolphin, Suchindram Dasgupta

We present radial stellar age gradients measured from star formation histories (SFHs) fit to resolved color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of 42 Local Volume dwarfs (6$\lesssim$Log M$_{\star}$/M$_{\odot}$$\lesssim$9), spatially divided into elliptical annuli. Ages in each annulus are quantified using $τ_{90}$ and $τ_{50}$, the lookback times to form 90% and 50% of the cumulative stellar mass. We find that radial age gradients are uncorrelated with environment, but gradients in $τ_{90}$ are significan…

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astro-ph.GA2026年8月8日

Scattering from Dusty Outflows in Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxies with Blue Excess Emission

R. J. Assef, M. Stalevski, F. E. Bauer, A. Blain, T. Diaz-Santos, P. R. M. Eisenhardt, R. Fernandez-Aranda, H. D. Jun et al.

(Context) Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxies (Hot DOGs) are a population of hyper-luminous quasars heavily obscured by dust and gas. While most have rest UV/optical SEDs dominated by their host galaxy emission, a small fraction shows blue emission in excess of what is expected for star-formation. Detailed multi-wavelength studies from X-rays to the far-IR of these Blue Excess Hot DOGs (BHDs) have concluded the most likely origin of this blue excess is scattered light from the central engine. This scenar…

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astro-ph.GA2026年8月8日

First Light and Assembly of GalaxieS (FLAGS) I: The JWST/NIRCam Number Counts and IGL as Constraints on Galaxy Formation Models

Jack C. Turner, Stephen M. Wilkins, Aswin P. Vijayan

JWST observations have been used in conjunction with SED fitting to infer the physical properties of galaxies throughout cosmic time, revealing tensions with the predictions of theoretical models. However, the biases associated with this process are poorly understood, which limits its true constraining power. We introduce the First Light and Assembly of GalaxieS (FLAGS) series, which will leverage forward modelling to confront models with more reliable direct observables. We describe the consist…

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astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR2026年8月8日

GLOW II: A Census of Oxygen in Low-Mass Galaxies

Kristen B. W. McQuinn, O. Grace Telford, Andrey V. Kravtsov, Joseph Burchett, Roger Cohen, Laura Hunter, Evan D. Skillman, Julia Roman-Duval et al.

Oxygen is forged by stars and redistributed through galaxies by feedback-driven outflows, leaving a record of star formation and the baryon cycle imprinted on its present-day abundance and distribution. The Galaxies Losing Oxygen via Winds (GLOW) project quantifies the production, distribution, and retention of oxygen in 37 low-mass, low-metallicity, gas-rich galaxies in the nearby universe (D 0.5) and within 1 Mpc of a massive galaxy (Mstar>10^9 Msun), indicating environment likely affects the…

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astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR2026年8月8日

GLOW I: Comprehensive Measurements of Gas-Rich, Star-Forming, Low-Mass Galaxies in the Nearby Universe

Kristen B. W. McQuinn, O. Grace Telford, Roger Cohen, Liese van Zee, Laura C. Hunter, Madison Smith, Evan D. Skillman, Benjamin Williams et al.

Gas-rich, star-forming, low-mass galaxies in the nearby universe are powerful laboratories for studying baryonic physics in detail including: stellar mass assembly, stellar feedback, chemical enrichment, and the interplay of the interstellar medium with star formation. Investigating these disparate yet interconnected processes requires data obtained by myriad observatories. Here, we present a comprehensive atlas of uniformly processed data on 37 low-mass galaxies within 6 Mpc. The atlas includes…

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gr-qcastro-ph.IM2026年8月8日

The G347.3-0.5 outlier from O3: a follow-up case study for continuous gravitational-wave candidates

L. Mirasola, F. Amicucci, M. Carrio, D. H. T. Cheung, M. A. Ferrer-Martinez, E. Goetz, D. Keitel, A. M. Knee et al.

We report a multi-pipeline follow-up study of the continuous gravitational-wave (CW) outlier identified by the Ming et al. Einstein@Home directed search for the young supernova remnant G347.3-0.5 (containing the central compact object RXJ1713.7-3946). The outlier was initially identified in LIGO data from the O3a observing run and followed up with the addition of O3b and O4a data by the Einstein@Home pipeline, with O4a producing weaker evidence. Here, we show extended data quality checks and res…

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astro-ph.HE2026年8月8日

Wild behaviour near the finish line: the Type Ibn SN 2020able and its stratified environment

L. Tartaglia, E. Cappellaro, G. Valerin, A. Pastorello, S. Benetti, A. Reguitti, L. Tomasella, P. Lundqvist et al.

We present spectrophotometric observations of the Type Ibn supernova SN~2020able, along with a comprehensive analysis and modelling of its evolution. The transient occurred in SDSS J092602.93+243115.1, a faint host galaxy characterised by significantly sub-solar metallicity ($12+\log(\rm{O/H})\simeq8.28\,\rm{dex}$). The early photometric evolution and high peak luminosity ($L_{peak}\simeq4.4\times10^{43}\,\rm{erg}\,\rm{s^{-1}}$) indicate an efficient conversion of ejecta kinetic energy into radi…

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astro-ph.HEhep-phhep-th2026年8月8日

Constraints on magnetic monopoles from X-ray observations of neutron stars

Mainak Mukhopadhyay, Daniele Perri, Edward W. Kolb

Magnetic monopoles are captured efficiently by neutron stars, and if they catalyze nucleon decay, the decay products would thermalize and generate observable X-ray surface emission. We use archival Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Swift-XRT data for old isolated millisecond pulsars to place conservative limits on the Galactic monopole flux ($F_M$). For a benchmark cross-section of $σ_{Δ\rm B} \sim 10^{-27}\ {\rm cm^2}$, our constraint as a function of monopole mass $m_M$ is given by $F_{\rm M}(m_M) \les…

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gr-qcastro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM2026年8月8日

Celephais: efficient spectral initial data code for precessing compact binaries

Hao-Jui Kuan

Large numerical-relativity surveys require compact-binary initial data that are both spectrally accurate and inexpensive to construct, including for systems with unequal masses and misaligned spins. We present \celephais, a compact-object initial-data code built on the \texttt{Kadath} spectral library, that constructs binary-neutron-star and black-hole--neutron-star initial data without imposing equatorial symmetry. The method exploits the sparse structure of the globally coupled multi-domain Ja…

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astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA2026年8月8日

HST imaging, pipeline modeling, and time-delay predictions of 2 triply-imaged and 15 quadruply-imaged lensed quasars

William Sheu, Tommaso Treu, Adriano Agnello, Timo Anguita, Simon Birrer, Daniel Gilman, Xiaosheng Huang, Richard G. McMahon et al.

The Hubble-Lemaître tension remains a significant challenge in modern cosmology, exhibiting a discrepancy between early-Universe cosmic microwave background measurements and local distance ladder observations. Strong lensing time-delay cosmography provides an independent, geometric probe of $H_0$ that can help resolve this discrepancy. Although hundreds of lensed quasars have been discovered, only a handful have been analyzed due to the resource-intensive follow-up required to measure precise ti…

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astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA2026年8月8日

HST imaging, pipeline modeling, and time-delay predictions of 2 triply-imaged and 15 quadruply-imaged lensed quasars

William Sheu, Tommaso Treu, Adriano Agnello, Timo Anguita, Simon Birrer, Daniel Gilman, Xiaosheng Huang, Richard G. McMahon et al.

The Hubble-Lemaître tension remains a significant challenge in modern cosmology, exhibiting a discrepancy between early-Universe cosmic microwave background measurements and local distance ladder observations. Strong lensing time-delay cosmography provides an independent, geometric probe of $H_0$ that can help resolve this discrepancy. Although hundreds of lensed quasars have been discovered, only a handful have been analyzed due to the resource-intensive follow-up required to measure precise ti…

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astro-ph.GAastro-ph.EPastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR2026年8月8日

A clear detection of proper motion confirms that the claimed $\mathbf{z\simeq32}$ galaxy candidate, "Capotauro'', is a Y-type brown dwarf

F. -Y. F. Liu, D. J. McLeod, B. J. Sutlieff, T. J. Dupuy, J. S. Dunlop, X. Chen, R. J. McLure, H. -H. Leung et al.

The compact red source ``Capotauro'', discovered in deep JWST imaging in 2025, has been suggested as a possible galaxy candidate at redshift $z\simeq32$ on account of its extreme NIRCam colours. However, given the lack of evidence that this source is spatially resolved, a very cool brown dwarf, at a distance consistent with the scale-height of the Milky Way stellar disc ($\simeq 500$ pc), provides an alternative explanation of the observed photometry. Here we exploit new medium-band NIRCam imagi…

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astro-ph.SR2026年8月8日

White Dwarf Kicks via Episodic Mass Ejection from Red Giant Stars

Jim Fuller

Recent observations have found evidence that white dwarf (WD) stars receive a kick of $\sim$1 km/s as the envelopes of their red giant progenitors are expelled. We show that these kicks can arise from asymmetric and episodic mass loss of red giant stars. Based on simple hydrodynamic models of red giant mass loss, each mass ejection event likely expels of order $\sim \! 10^{-4} \, M_\odot$, imparting a small and randomly oriented kick to the star, with the net kick to the WD arising from a combin…

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astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMhep-phhep-th2026年8月8日

Sensitivity of Next-Generation CMB Surveys to Neutrinos and Other Light Relics

Cynthia Trendafilova, Srinivasan Raghunathan, Benjamin Wallisch, Joel Meyers, Kevork N. Abazajian, Edoardo Altamura, Carlo Baccigalupi, Kimberly K. Boddy et al.

Neutrinos and other light relics leave characteristic imprints in the cosmic microwave background anisotropies, making their observation a sensitive probe of the particle content and thermal history of the early universe. The energy density in these relativistic species is parameterized by their effective number $N_\mathrm{eff}$. Measuring this parameter at the percent level, which is a long-standing science goal of CMB-S4 and other experiments, would test a wide range of well-motivated physics…

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astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA2026年8月8日

Simplified treatment of kinematic corrections to the SZ effect using the boost operator approach

Alex Hoey, Jacob Long, Jens Chluba

The Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effects provide a potent cosmological probe of the large-scale structure in the universe. Here, we present a simplified derivation of the kinematic corrections to the relativistic thermal SZ effect using the boost operator approach. By first performing the thermal average inside the moving electron cloud frame, the thermal and peculiar motion contributions can be naturally separated, leading to a significant simplification of the scattering calculation. The angular dep…

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astro-ph.HE2026年8月8日

Core-Collapse Supernova detections from Einstein Telescope within the Milky Way

I. F. Giudice, A. L. De Santis, M. T. Botticella, M. Branchesi, G. Pastorelli, L. Girardi, L. Izzo, E. Cappellaro et al.

Core-collapse supernovae are key drivers of galaxy evolution and promising sources of gravitational waves, which provide a unique probe of the physics driving their explosion mechanism. Third-generation detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope, will dramatically improve the prospects for detecting these signals. This study assesses the capability of the Einstein Telescope, alone and in synergy with next-generation detectors such as Cosmic Explorer, to detect gravitational waves from core-collap…

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astro-ph.IM2026年8月8日

Closing the loop on-sky with a vector-Zernike wavefront sensor using a convolutional neural network as phase reconstructor

Francisco Oyarzún, Mathieu Motte, Cedric-Taissir Heritier, Benjamin González, Rodrigo Muñoz, Vincent Chambouleyron, Marie Angelie Alagao, Arnaud Striffling et al.

Context: The new giant segmented mirror telescopes will use adaptive optics to reach the fundamental limits in resolving power. To accomplish this, new wavefront sensors (WFS) have been designed to fulfill the requirements, but they may require non-linear reconstruction techniques to operate given the nature of the signal of the WFSs Aims: In this article we show that it is possible to use non-linear reconstructors to extend the dynamic range of one of the most sensitive wavefront sensors far be…

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astro-ph.IM2026年8月8日

Telemetry is a Sensor: Opportunistic Wavefront Estimation for the James Webb Space Telescope

Lahav Buzi, Yoav Y. Schechner, Aviad Levis, Jason J. Wang

Space telescopes maintain optical alignment through periodic, resource-intensive wavefront calibration, leaving the optical state unobserved between corrections. We propose treating onboard engineering telemetry as an opportunistic wavefront sensor. Specifically, the high-cadence thermal and pointing signals already recorded by the James Webb Space Telescope may suffice to recover spatially resolved optical path difference at nanometer precision, without dedicated measurements. Our framework use…

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astro-ph.GA2026年8月8日

Tracing the early Milky Way thin disc with the Gaia-ESO Survey

Carlos Viscasillas Vázquez, Sofia Randich, Riano Escate Giribaldi, Leda Berni, Laura Magrini, Maria Tsantaki

The origin of metal-poor stars on thin-disc-like orbits remains an open question in Galactic archaeology and provides important constraints on the earliest phases of Milky Way disc formation. We aim to identify and characterise metal-poor stars with thin-disc-like kinematics observed in the Gaia-ESO Survey, using Gaia DR3 orbital parameters, spectroscopic information, isochrone ages, and detailed chemical abundances. Out of 1784 turn-off stars, we identify one metal-poor candidate with [Fe/H] =…

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astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP2026年8月8日

Host--Non-host Differences in Stellar Chemistry, Activity, and Birth Radius: Hints of Distinct Formation Environments for Earth-like Planets and Sub-Neptunes

Xunzhou Chen, Tiancheng Sun, Yuxi, Lu, Liu Long, Zixuan Lu

Host-star properties provide important clues to planet formation and evolution, yet it remains unclear whether the observed differences between planet-hosting stars and stars without detected planets reflect genuine signatures of planet formation or underlying differences in stellar populations. Using a homogeneous sample of 28,383 Kepler-LAMOST-Gaia dwarf and subgiant stars, including 629 host stars with 865 planets, we compare host stars with age-mass matched non-host stars after correcting fo…

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