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宇宙工学・惑星科学・宇宙物理の最新プレプリント。

astro-ph.EP

Toddlers in Resonance I: low masses and eccentricities of the 17 Myr giant planets HIP 67522 bc from transit timing variations

Hannah R. James, Madyson G. Barber, Andrew W. Mann, Pa Chia Thao, Adam L. Kraus, Benjamin M. Tofflemire, Andrew Vanderburg, Lyu Abe et al.

Infant ($<$100\,Myr) transiting planet systems provide glimpses into the processes that shape the observed mature planet population. Masses for these planets are powerful data points for testing theories of planet formation and evolution. Because young systems tend to be in mean-motion resonances (MMR) and show higher rates of transit timing variations (TTVs), we can take advantage of deviations in the expected versus observed transit timings due to gravitational interactions between the planets…

astro-ph.IM

Improved Modeling for Moving Sources of Radio Frequency Interference and Impact on Flagging Strategies

Jade M. Ducharme, Jonathan C. Pober, Michael J. Wilensky

Radio frequency interference (RFI) is a major challenge for low-frequency radio experiments targeting the redshifted 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization. Many important RFI sources, including aircraft and satellites, move across the sky during an observation. The averaging of visibilities for such moving sources over a finite correlator integration produces a distinct sinc-like pattern in the interferometric uv-plane, causing the RFI to appear bright on some baselines and strongly suppre…

astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA

JWST lensed quasar dark matter survey V: Hints of self-interacting dark matter from 29 quadruply imaged quasars

D. Gilman, A. M. Nierenberg, J. Gurian, H. Paugnat, C. Gannon, M. N. Martinez, T. Treu, K. N. Abazajian et al.

Theories of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) predict the eventual core collapse of dark matter halos, a process that transforms these structures into extremely efficient gravitational lenses. We present a population-level inference on the abundance of core collapsed halos and subhalos in the mass range $10^6 - 10^{10.7} M_{\odot}$ using 29 quadruply imaged quasars, drawing on the collective lensing signal of many low-mass perturbers. Our structure formation model predicts the abundance of col…

gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-th

Black Hole Quasinormal Mode Resonances and Reconnections in Coupled Systems

Leah Jenks, Hayato Motohashi, Kazufumi Takahashi, Takuya Takahashi, Emanuele Berti

Black hole quasinormal modes (QNMs) provide a window into the underlying structure of black holes and the environments in which they arise. QNMs have particularly rich dynamics in coupled systems beyond general relativity, in which they are known to undergo avoided crossings, resonant excitation, and mode reconnections. Recent work has shown that reconnecting QNM trajectories can trace out a distinctive double spiral structure in the complex frequency plane. In this work, we study this phenomeno…

astro-ph.EPastro-ph.GAastro-ph.IMphysics.comp-ph

GameDev: GPU-accelerated model for dust evolution

Jiaqing Bi

Grain growth and fragmentation through dust collisions in protoplanetary disks are strongly coupled with dust dynamics. This is because the spatial and velocity distributions of dust set the collision rates and outcomes, while dust grain sizes set the aerodynamic coupling with gas. However, existing dust evolution codes often rely on prescribed dust velocities and are mostly restricted to one or two spatial dimensions. In this work, we present GameDev, a dust evolution model accelerated by graph…

astro-ph.GA

The 1.6 $μ\mathrm{m}$ $\rm{H^{-}}$ bump as a diagnostic of TP-AGB contributions and recent quenching. I. Insights from stellar population models

Pengjun Lu, Song Huang, Shiying Lu, Meng Gu, Li Shen, Cheng Li

The 1.6 $μ\mathrm{m}$ $\rm{H^{-}}$ bump arises from a minimum in the opacity of the negative hydrogen ion in cool stellar atmospheres. Although it is recognized as a common feature in galaxy spectra, its potential for studying stellar populations and recent quenching remains little explored. Its enhancement at intermediate ages is strong in some stellar population models with substantial thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) contributions but weak or absent in others. This variation…

hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HE

Constraining dark matter using 20-year INTEGRAL/IBIS observations II: Sub-GeV dark matter

Jordan Koechler, Pedro De la Torre Luque

We present new constraints on sub-GeV dark matter (DM) annihilation and decay using twenty years of diffuse hard X-ray observations from the INTEGRAL/IBIS telescope. By performing a joint analysis of the spectral and morphological information contained in the IBIS dataset, we simultaneously fit Galactic longitudinal profiles and energy spectra, exploiting their complementary signatures to disentangle potential DM signals from the dominant astrophysical backgrounds. We use physically motivated ba…

astro-ph.IMastro-ph.EPcs.LG

SIFARI: Self-Supervised Interferometric Fitting for Astronomical Radio Imaging

Shunyuan Mao, Andrea Isella, Paris Perdikaris, Li-Ta Lo, Hui Li

Radio-interferometric images are reconstructed from sparsely sampled visibilities, and CLEAN-based imaging can struggle with spatial filtering, complex morphologies, and uncertainty quantification. Alternative methods that fit visibilities directly can address some of these limitations but often require manual choices of image priors and model hyperparameters. We present SIFARI (Self-Supervised Interferometric Fitting for Astronomical Radio Imaging), a self-supervised neural network workflow tha…

gr-qcastro-ph.COastro-ph.IMhep-phhep-th

Low Frequency Gravitational Wave Detection with Gravito-Magnetism

Reza Ebadi, Surjeet Rajendran

The detection of gravitational waves in the low-frequency band (10 nHz to 1 micro-Hz) using inner solar system proof masses is severely limited by Newtonian gravity gradient noise (GGN) sourced by the asteroid belt. In this paper, we propose a novel detection concept that exploits the relativistic nature of gravitational waves to break the degeneracy between the signal and the asteroid GGN background. The non-relativistic motion of asteroids dominantly sources gravito-electric fields, with veloc…

astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM

Discovery of over a thousand variable stars in Terzan 5 and Liller 1 with JWST

Kevin B. Burdge, Ilaria Caiazzo, Malina M. Desai, Cristina Pallanca, Vera L. Berger, Kaley Brauer, Matteo Correnti, Paul Draghis et al.

The Bulge Fossil Fragments Terzan 5 and Liller 1 host some of the densest stellar environments in the Galaxy, yet their variable star populations have remained largely unexplored due to crowding and heavy obscuration. Here, we identify 1,315 variable sources in these two systems in what is to our knowledge the first JWST time-series variability census of a globular cluster-like object. By differencing consecutive non-destructive reads within each NIRCam integration, we transform sample-up-the-ra…

astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA

LIMFAST. V. Probing Reionization with the Synergy Between 21 cm and Photometric Galaxy Surveys

Guochao Sun, Adam Lidz, Tzu-Ching Chang, Claude-André Faucher-Giguère, Steven R. Furlanetto, Aritra Kundu, Jordan Mirocha

Cross-correlating the 21\,cm signal from intergalactic neutral hydrogen with the galaxy distribution is a powerful probe of the Epoch of Reionization and the physical mechanisms driving it. While upcoming surveys with the SKA-Low radio telescope and the Roman Space Telescope offer ideal synergies for this measurement, foreground mitigation of 21\,cm data requires exquisite redshift precision of galaxies, effectively excluding the rich photometrically selected samples of Lyman-break galaxies (LBG…

astro-ph.HE

Discovery of the Infrared Counterpart of the Rapid Burster with JWST

Malina M. Desai, Kevin B. Burdge, Cristina Pallanca, Saul Rappaport, Francesco R. Ferraro, Barbara Lanzoni, Mason Ng, Paul Draghis et al.

The Rapid Burster (MXB 1730$-$335) is the only known neutron star to produce both Type I and Type II X-ray bursts, making it a key system for understanding accretion physics onto neutron stars. It resides in Liller 1, a dense, metal-rich stellar system whose crowded core and $\sim$11 magnitudes of visual extinction have concealed the Rapid Burster's optical/infrared (OIR) counterpart for nearly five decades. Here, we present infrared observations of Liller 1 obtained with JWST/NIRCam that, for t…

gr-qcastro-ph.GA

From Density to Mass: A New Parametrized Framework for Dark Matter Environment Around Black Holes

Rajes Ghosh, Nicholas Speeney, Avijit Chowdhury, Chiranjeeb Singha, Miguel A. S. Pinto, Emanuele Berti

Astrophysical black holes (BHs) are not isolated vacuum objects but are expected to reside within complex environments, such as dark matter (DM) halos and baryonic distributions. Such environments can modify the spacetime geometry surrounding the BH and leave observable imprints on gravitational-wave (GW) signals, including shifts in the quasinormal mode (QNM) spectrum, tidal Love numbers (TLNs), and the inspiral dynamics of extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs). We develop a general framework fo…

astro-ph.EP

A temperate sub-Neptune transiting the M4 Dwarf TOI-210 identified by NIRPS and TESS -- Uncovering hidden M-dwarf planetary systems in the near-infrared

C. Cadieux, B. N. Skinner, F. Bouchy, E. D. Gillis, V. Bourrier, R. Doyon, L. Y. Messamah, B. L. Canto Martins et al.

Super-Earths and sub-Neptunes dominate the exoplanet population, yet their compositions, formation mechanisms, and capability of retaining atmospheres remain poorly understood. M-type stars offer a unique opportunity to investigate these questions, thanks to their favorable planet-to-star radius and mass ratios and the diversity of planetary systems they host. We aim to characterise the planetary system of the M4 dwarf TOI-210, in which TESS during its primary mission identified one transiting e…

astro-ph.HE

Fast radio burst - persistent radio source systems III. The relation bewteen PRS luminosity and FRB rotation measure

D. Pelliciari, G. Bernardi, M. Pilia, P. Esposito, L. Beduzzi, A. Geminardi, O. Smirnov

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio transients of extragalactic origin whose physical origin remains uncertain. A small fraction of FRBs are known to repeat, and some of them are associated with persistent radio sources (PRSs), interpreted as synchrotron-emitting nebulae surrounding the FRB source. In the context of magnetar-based models, the rotation measure (RM) of an FRB is expected to correlate with the spectral luminosity of its associated PRS, providing a probe of the p…

astro-ph.HE

Fast radio burst - persistent radio source systems III. The relation between PRS luminosity and FRB rotation measure

D. Pelliciari, G. Bernardi, L. Bruno, M. Pilia, P. Esposito, L. Beduzzi, A. Geminardi, O. Smirnov et al.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio transients of extragalactic origin whose physical origin remains uncertain. A small fraction of FRBs are known to repeat, and some of them are associated with persistent radio sources (PRSs), interpreted as synchrotron-emitting nebulae surrounding the FRB source. In the context of magnetar-based models, the rotation measure (RM) of an FRB is expected to correlate with the spectral luminosity of its associated PRS, providing a probe of the p…

astro-ph.HE

Fast radio burst - persistent radio source systems II. A faint PRS associated with the nearby FRB 20181030A?

D. Pelliciari, G. Bernardi, B. Margalit, B. D. Metzger, C. Nanci, L. Bruno, M. Pilia, L. Beduzzi et al.

Persistent radio sources (PRSs) are the continuum counterparts of fast radio bursts (FRBs), the latter being extragalactic transients of millisecond duration and Jy-level flux density. An FRB-PRS system is thought to be a flaring magnetar surrounded by an highly magnetized, baryon-loaded nebula. We aim to constrain the size of 20181030A-S1, a new PRS candidate, potentially associated with the repeating FRB 20181030A. The latter is localized with $\sim 1'$ uncertainties in the outskirts of NGC 32…

astro-ph.HE

Fast radio burst - persistent radio source systems I. A 1.2 GHz search and catalog definition

D. Pelliciari, L. Bruno, G. Bernardi, M. Pilia, P. Esposito, L. Beduzzi, A. Geminardi, O. Smirnov et al.

We present new $1.26$ GHz observations of 24 fast radio bursts (FRBs; 9 repeaters and 11 one-offs), conducted with the upgraded Giant Meter Wave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) at arc-second angular scale resolution, and combined them with literature data to construct an extended sample of 75 sources with either persistent luminosity measurements or upper limits. Our catalog is complete down to a $10^{29}$ erg s$^{-1}$ Hz$^{-1}$ luminosity threshold, which corresponds to the value of the first-discovere…

astro-ph.HEastro-ph.CO

Empirical determination of the Galactic neutron star--black hole merger rate using StarTrack models

Terrence Pierre Jacques, D. R. Lorimer, Nihan Pol, M. A. McLaughlin, K. Belczynski

The discovery of a pulsar in a binary system with a black hole would provide a unique laboratory for testing general relativity in the strong-field regime and offer vital constraints on massive star evolution. We assess prospects for the detectability of such systems by utilizing the radio pulsar population and survey models within the modeling package PsrPopPy and, as a proof of principle, two evolutionary models with different treatments of common-envelope phases from the stellar population sy…

astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM

Correcting stellar contamination in transmission spectroscopy with contemporaneous monitoring: Application to GJ 1214 b

Ò. Porqueras-León, M. Perger, J. C. Morales, I. Ribas, J. Blanco-Pozo, H. Tabernero, E. Herrero, E. Pallé et al.

Transmission spectroscopy has emerged as an essential tool for characterising the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets. However, stellar surface inhomogeneities contaminate transmission spectra, posing a major challenge to high-precision observations such as those from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We develop and apply methods to correct for stellar contamination, improving the accuracy of exoplanet atmospheric characterisation. We obtained coordinated multi-band photometry and high-res…

astro-ph.HE

SN 2025qe: A case study of diversity in low-luminosity thermonuclear explosions

Hrishav Das, Anirban Dutta, Devendra K. Sahu, G. C. Anupama, Prathamesh S. Kadam, Vishwajeet Swain

We present optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2025qe, a Type Iax supernova in IC 0529, monitored from $-10$ to $+150$ rest-frame days relative to $g'$-band maximum using the GROWTH-India and the Himalayan Chandra Telescopes. SN 2025qe reaches a peak $g'$-band absolute magnitude of $M_{g'} \approx -16.16 \pm 0.15$ mag, placing it in the sparsely sampled luminosity gap between the brightest and faintest members of the SNe Iax class. The multiband light curves show pronounced…

astro-ph.HE

JWST unveils a dust-obscured supernova associated with a gamma-ray burst

B. Schneider, A. J. Levan, N. Sarin, N. A. Rakotondrainibe, B. P. Gompertz, V. Buat, J. T. Palmerio, D. B. Malesani et al.

Recent observations have challenged the duration-based classification of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), making the detection of an associated supernova (SN) or kilonova crucial for conclusively identifying their progenitors. We investigate the origin of GRB 240825A at $z=0.659$, whose prompt emission gave conflicting indications of a merger or collapsar origin and for which no SN was detected in deep ground-based observations. We analyze JWST/NIRSpec observations obtained 66.5 days (40.1 days in the r…

astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR

K-dwarf starspot hunters: how to directly characterize spot and faculae properties with UV-IR panchromatic transit spectra

Joanna K. Barstow, Caitlyn Cullen, Yvonne Unruh, Hannah Wakeford, Eva-Maria Ahrer, Lili Alderson, Charlotte Fairman, Ulrich Kolb et al.

Transmission spectroscopy of exoplanets provides an important window into their atmospheric composition, structure and dynamics, especially in the JWST era. As the quality of the observational data and therefore the precision of our constraints improves, we become increasingly sensitive to sources of systematic bias in our models and observations. One significant example of this is the Transit Light Source Effect, in which heterogeneous features in the stellar photosphere - spots and faculae - i…

astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR

K-dwarf starspot hunters: how to directly characterize spot and faculae properties with UV-IR panchromatic transit spectra

Joanna K. Barstow, Caitlyn Cullen, Yvonne Unruh, Hannah Wakeford, Eva-Maria Ahrer, Lili Alderson, Charlotte Fairman, Ulrich Kolb et al.

Transmission spectroscopy of exoplanets provides an important window into their atmospheric composition, structure and dynamics, especially in the JWST era. As the quality of the observational data and therefore the precision of our constraints improves, we become increasingly sensitive to sources of systematic bias in our models and observations. One significant example of this is the Transit Light Source Effect, in which heterogeneous features in the stellar photosphere - spots and faculae - i…

astro-ph.IMastro-ph.COphysics.comp-ph

Accelerating massive ensembles of ordinary differential equations

Lawrence Berry, Will Handley, Oliver Hahn, Nils Schöneberg

Solving large ensembles of small, independent ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is a common task in computational science and engineering, arising for example in Bayesian parameter estimation, Monte Carlo uncertainty quantification, and the integration of uncoupled physical systems such as the linearised Einstein-Boltzmann equations of cosmology. Modern graphics processing units (GPUs) with thousands of cores are well suited to such parallel workloads, but realising this potential requires…

hep-phastro-ph.HE

The LZ event with a two-state dark matter halo

Vinicius Oliveira

The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment has reported a single nuclear-recoil candidate at $E_R \simeq 248$keV. LZ interprets it in terms of inelastic dark matter that scatters endothermically from its ground state, $χ_1 N \to χ_2 N$. In pseudo-Dirac models the excited state $χ_2$ can survive to the present day, and exothermic scattering, $χ_2 N \to χ_1 N$, is then also open. The published LZ intervals do not describe this case. We rebuild the LZ statistical inference and validate it against the published…

astro-ph.EP

JWST NIRSpec G395H Transmission Spectra of Two Similar Sub-Neptunes in the TOI-125 System

Yiwei Chai, Néstor Espinoza, Chloe Fisher, Erik Meier Valdes, Matthew Hooton, Brett Morris, Natalie H. Allen, Adam J. Burgasser et al.

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has enabled the first in-depth characterisations of sub-Neptune atmospheres, revealing a diversity of chemical compositions and cloud properties that challenge current models. Multi-planet systems provide an opportunity to compare planetary atmospheres while controlling for formation conditions within the same protoplanetary disk. We present JWST NIRSpec G395H 3-5 um observations of two similarly-sized sub-Neptunes orbiting a sun-like star within the TOI-125…

astro-ph.GA

GA-NIFS view of LAP1: Assembly of Pop~III stellar clusters during EoR

J. Scholtz, R. Maiolino, S. Carniani, E. Vanzella, R. J. Terlevich, H. Übler, M. Perna, S. Arribas et al.

Lensed and Pristine 1 (LAP1) is one of the most promising candidates for the detection of so-called Pop~III stars at $z\sim6.6$. In this work, we present new high-spectral-resolution ($R \sim 2700$) \jwst NIRSpec-IFS observations of the system along with a detailed re-analysis of all archival \jwst and VLT/MUSE data. We confirm the very low metallicity of the system, with $12+\log(\text{O/H})=6.5\text{--}6.8$ (1--2\% Z$_{\odot}$), and its low stellar mass, with $M_{*}= 10^{3\text{--}4}$ \Msun, b…

gr-qcastro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM

Normalizing Flow Emulator for Gravitational Wave Detection Probability in the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA O4 Observing Run

Julius Gassert, Ignacio Magaña Hernandez, Ariel J. Amsellem, Antonella Palmese, Barnabas Póczos

Efficient and accurate estimation of the detection probability of a gravitational wave event given its source parameters remains a challenging problem because it conventionally requires expensive Monte Carlo injection campaigns. We present a machine learning-based approach using Normalizing Flows (NFs) to estimate the detection probability of gravitational wave events for a LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA O4-like detector network configuration. We utilize the publicly available injection dataset as training an…

astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO

The abundance and emission of PAHs from the local to early Universe

Massimiliano Parente, Desika Narayanan, Paul Torrey, Gian Luigi Granato, Brandon S. Hensley, Jed McKinney, Alexandra Pope, Gergö Popping et al.

We present the first large-volume cosmological simulation of galaxy evolution with a model for the abundance and luminous emission of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) across a wide range of cosmic time ($0 < z \lesssim 6$). The simulation is built on a semi-analytic model (SAM) that includes a treatment of dust size distribution, with PAHs being identified with the smallest carbonaceous grains ($< 15$ A) residing in the diffuse ISM of galaxies. PAH emission is computed by post-processing…