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宇宙工学・惑星科学・宇宙物理の最新プレプリント。

astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HE

A prolonged plateau-to-tail transition in the Type II supernova SN2025abyc

Luhan Li, Bo Wang, Jujia Zhang, Zhengyang Zhang, Xinjie Luo, Shiyang Dong, Saien Xu, Zhengwei Liu et al.

We present optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of the Type II supernova SN2025abyc. During the optically thick phase between approximately 10 and 70 d after explosion, its light curves show strongly wavelength-dependent decline rates of approximately 2.7, 2.1, 0.9, and 0.8 mag/100d in the g, c, r, and o bands, respectively. At approximately 70 d, the light curves begin to depart from their nearly linear plateau evolution and gradually transition toward the radioactive tail. A Ferm…

astro-ph.SRastro-ph.IM

Science operation, data handling, and ground support system of the SOLAR-C mission

Shin Toriumi, Mari Nishiyama, Keiichi Matsuzaki, Toshifumi Shimizu, Hideki Kato, Jun Matsumoto, Mizuho Uchiyama, Kota Miyoshi et al.

SOLAR-C is an international solar-observing satellite mission led by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). It aims to elucidate mass and energy transport in solar atmospheres through extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectroscopy. The mission carries the EUV High-throughput Spectroscopic Telescope (EUVST) and the Solar Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SoSpIM), enabling comprehensive observations across a wide temperature range (10^4 K to 10^7 K) with minimum temperature gaps and high spatial and tempor…

astro-ph.SR

Classical Nova V1405 Cas Had $M_{\rm ejecta}$$>$$M_{\rm accreted}$ and so is Unlikely to be a Type Ia Supernova Progenitor

Bradley E. Schaefer

Nova 2021 Cassiopeia (V1405 Cas) was an ordinary J(175) neon nova with the white dwarf mass estimated to be $M_{\rm WD}$=0.60$\pm$0.10 $M_{\odot}$. I found an orbital period of $P$=0.1884 days, and have tracked 20 times of photometric minima from 2013--2025. I measure that $P$ increased from before to after the eruption with $P_{\rm pre}$=0.1883919$\pm$0.0000018 days and $P_{\rm post}$=0.1884043$\pm$0.0000018 days, for $ΔP$/$P$=66$_{-18}^{+21}$ parts-per-million. With correction for the angular…

astro-ph.SR

Eclipse Properties and Superhump Evolution in the SU UMa-Type Dwarf Nova Z Cha

Qi-Bin Sun, Sheng-Bang Qian, Li-Ying Zhu, Qin-Mei Li, Wen-Ping Liao, Fu-Xing Li, Wen-xu Lin, Min-Yu Li et al.

The advent of large-scale time-domain surveys provides both opportunities and challenges for understanding accretion disk evolution in cataclysmic variables (CVs). Using high-cadence photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), we investigate the eclipsing SU UMa-type dwarf nova Z Cha. Leveraging eclipses as a natural probe, we examine the evolution of the accretion disk through variations in eclipse depth, O--C of eclipse minima, and positive superhump (PSH) amplitude. Duri…

astro-ph.GA

Fast Dynamical Modelling of Milky Way Globular Clusters -- II. Impacts of Black Hole Prescriptions

Nolan Dickson, Vincent Hénault-Brunet, Fotios Fronimos Pouliasis, Mark Gieles, Daniel Marín Pina, Peter J. Smith

The populations of stellar-mass black holes (BHs) in globular clusters (GCs) play a key role in their dynamical evolution, however the mechanisms surrounding their formation and retention are uncertain. In this work, we extend the analysis of Paper I by fitting coupled rapid cluster evolution and multimass equilibrium models to a large sample of Milky Way GCs, under a variety of prescriptions for stellar evolution, BH formation and supernovae (SN) natal kicks. We explore the impacts of adopting…

astro-ph.HE

IceCube neutrino point-source searches in the direction of the KM3NeT ultra-high-energy event

R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, J. M. Alameddine, S. Ali, N. M. Amin et al.

While still under construction, the KM3NeT Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss (ARCA) detector recorded a $\sim$200 PeV neutrino on February 13th, 2023. This event is the highest-energy neutrino reported. IceCube, a cubic kilometer neutrino detector located at the geographic South Pole, has previously detected neutrinos up to approximately 10 PeV. We search for high-energy neutrinos from the location of the KM3NeT event using 15 years of IceCube data and considering three temporal h…

astro-ph.IM

Towards High-Throughput Visible Photonic Lanterns for the EMARCOT Project

Abani Shankar Nayak, Julius Goehring, Marina Centenera-Merino, Pedro José Amado-González, David Pérez-Medialdea, Mabel Ruiz-Lopez, Francisco J. Pozuelos, Miguel Andrés Sánchez Carrasco et al.

Photonic EMARCOT is an innovative project involving Spanish, German and Australian research institutes that aims to integrate multiple Optical Tube Assemblies (OTAs) using photonic lanterns. The "Pathfinder" prototype, featuring seven OTAs with a 1.1-meter effective aperture, will feed a spectrograph at the Calar Alto Observatory, with first light expected in 2026. We report the fabrication and experimental evaluation of a custom 7x1 multi-mode photonic lantern (MMPL) developed for this framewor…

astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO

Impact of LSST systematics on stellar-stream density fluctuations for dark matter

Matthieu Pélissier, Peter S. Ferguson, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Marine Kuna, David Maurin, Christian Aganze, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, Yao-Yuan Mao et al.

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is expected to significantly advance the study of Milky Way stellar streams. In particular, the deep, precise photometry from LSST should greatly increase the statistical sensitivity to density fluctuations in stellar streams, which can be used to probe the small-scale distribution of dark matter. However, current forecasts generally neglect the impact of observational systematics that will be imprinted on stream density meas…

astro-ph.GA

Studying Outflows with Synthetic Absorption Line Spectra from High Resolution Simulations

Jake Magee, Evan Schneider, Kate H. R. Rubin, S. Alwin Mao, Cameron Hummels

Down-the-barrel absorption line spectra are a powerful probe of the properties of multiphase galactic outflows. In this work, we demonstrate a method to generate realistic synthetic spectra using high resolution ($Δx=5-20 \ \mathrm{pc}$), 20-kiloparsec-scale outflow simulations from the next generation of the CGOLS project. Aiming to mimic modern observational surveys of nearby star-forming galaxies, we generate a suite of UV absorption lines, from which we measure common observables such as equ…

astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR

Constraining Tidal Migration with the Hot Jupiter Population

Linhao Ma, Yubo Su, Samuel W. Yee, Caleb Lammers, Eliot Quataert, Joshua N. Winn

Hot Jupiters with orbital periods shorter than a few days have probably been affected by tidal orbital migration. We develop an analytical framework for constraining tidal migration from the present-day hot Jupiter period distribution, taking into account the uncertain rate and period distribution of hot Jupiters produced by mechanisms such as high-eccentricity migration or disk-driven migration. Assuming the tidal migration timescale is proportional to $P^{χ_τ}$, solutions with $χ_τ\simeq 3, 1.…

astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA

XRISM observations of the Perseus cluster along two arms: Chaotic ICM motions probed by resonant scattering

Annie Heinrich, Irina Zhuravleva, Congyao Zhang, Anna Ogorzalek, Ayşegül Tümer, François Mernier, Phillip C. Stancil, Elena Bellomi et al.

XRISM has mapped gas velocities across the core of the Perseus cluster, separating the kinematic effects of mergers and AGN feedback. The physical properties of these motions remain unclear: are they a superposition of bulk flows, predominantly random/turbulent motions, or a mixture of both? Without resolving this question, constraints on the nonthermal pressure fraction and heating rate remain uncertain, as both assume predominantly random motions. Unlike emission line broadening, resonant scat…

astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HE

Frozen-composition effects on rotational failure of neutron-star crusts

Elia Giliberti

The elastic response of a neutron-star crust to rotational loading depends on whether weak interactions can restore chemical equilibrium during the deformation. We quantify this effect using unified equations of state and compare chemically equilibrated and frozen-composition responses within the same Newtonian hydro-elastic framework. Frozen composition increases the effective bulk modulus and redistributes the strain throughout the inner crust rather than producing a simple global rescaling. F…

astro-ph.IM

Magnetising the quokka code with fast, second-order accurate, error-correcting schemes for magnetohydrodynamics on GPUs

Neco Kriel, Elizabeth Cole-Kodikara, Benjamin Wibking, Mark R. Krumholz, Chong-Chong He, Anish Sarkar, Pak Shing Li

We implement a second-order accurate constrained transport (CT) magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) module with first-order flux correction in the open-source, adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), GPU-accelerated code quokka, supporting both ideal and resistive (constant Ohmic) regimes. For computing and averaging the electromotive forces (EMFs) at cell edges, the basis of any CT-MHD method, we experiment with a wide range of recent, state-of-the-art schemes, together with different reconstruction schemes. Al…

astro-ph.IM

Magnetising the quokka code with fast, second-order accurate, error-correcting schemes for magnetohydrodynamics on GPUs

Neco Kriel, Elizabeth Cole-Kodikara, Benjamin Wibking, Mark R. Krumholz, Chong-Chong He, Anish Sarkar, Pak Shing Li

We implement a second-order accurate constrained transport (CT) magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) module with first-order flux correction in the open-source, adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), GPU-accelerated code quokka, supporting both ideal and resistive (constant Ohmic) regimes. For computing and averaging the electromotive forces (EMFs) at cell edges, the basis of any CT-MHD method, we experiment with a wide range of recent, state-of-the-art schemes, together with different reconstruction schemes. Al…

astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM

Fast and Furious: Long-term orbit integrations with collocation integrator Lobbie

Dmitrii E. Vavilov, Siegfried Eggl, Sarah Greenstreet

Efficient and accurate numerical integration methods are fundamental to studying long-term solar system dynamics, where numerical errors can accumulate over billions of orbital periods. In this work, we investigate the performance of our modification of Lobbie, a Lobatto collocation integrator for long-term simulations of the Solar System. We compare Lobbie against the widely used WHFast symplectic integrator and the high-order adaptive collocation integrator IAS15 implementations in the Rebound…

astro-ph.IMeess.SP

Instrument-Level Validation of Upper Sideband Syntonization Concept

Volodymyr Kudriashov, Manuel Martin-Neira

Upper Sideband Syntonization (USBS) is a two-way frequency-transfer concept proposed by the European Space Agency for distributed space radio interferometric systems. Previous investigations validated the concept primarily through frequency-stability and phase-transfer measurements. This work demonstrates the first end-to-end instrument-level validation of the USBS concept through coherent W-band cross-correlation measurements and image reconstruction. A P=2 USBS breadboard was integrated with a…

astro-ph.GA

The THRILS Factor: Investigating the properties of Little Red Dots (LRDs) at 3<z<6 with JWST/NIRSpec

Ananya Ganapathy, Rebecca L. Larson, Erini Lambrides, Guillermo Barro, Taylor A. Hutchison, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Anthony J. Taylor, Dale Kocevski et al.

JWST has uncovered a class of objects called LRDs, whose nature is still widely debated. In this work, we present a comprehensive spectroscopic analysis of nine LRDs in the Extended Groth Strip (EGS) field studied as part of THRILS and C3PO, both JWST Cycle 3 programs. These targets, photometrically selected based on their compact red appearance, are observed with deep spectroscopic exposures ($\geq8$ hours), enabling robust detections of broad Balmer lines, He I emission, and other spectral fea…

astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM

UX Men: Detached Eclipsing Binary as a Benchmark Candidate

Ganesh N. Pawar, Krzysztof G. Hełminiak, Nicola J. Miller, Frédéric Marcadon, Ayush Moharana, Tilaksingh B. Pawar, Anish Kalsi, Maciej Konacki et al.

We present ultra-precise fundamental parameters for the detached eclipsing binary UX Men based on 31 TESS sectors ($\sim$882 d) and radial velocities from HARPS, FEROS, CORALIE, and UCLES. The light curves were detrended for spot-induced variability and modelled independently with JKTEBOP and ALLESFITTER, while radial velocities were extracted via TODCOR and fitted with a Keplerian orbit. Spectral disentangling yielded individual component spectra analysed with iSpec to determine $T_{\rm eff}$ a…

astro-ph.HEhep-exhep-ph

Low-Mass Magnetic Monopoles in the Galaxy: Simulations and Comparison with Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Data

Ala'a AL-Zetoun, Igor Ostrovskiy, Peiwen Mi, Daniele Perri

Origin and composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays are still uncertain, particularly the rare events exceeding the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff and whose apparent arrival directions point to the Local Void. This work is an in-depth investigation of the possibility that such cosmic rays contain low-mass magnetic monopoles predicted in several recent theoretical models. Using a custom extension to CRPropa, a state-of-the-art code for modeling cosmic ray propagation, monopoles are tracked in…

astro-ph.GA

A Novel Approach to 3D Dust Mapping of the Central Molecular Zone

Arianna Vasini, Mattia C. Sormani, Jason L. Sanders, Adam Ginsburg, Cara Battersby, Francisco Nogueras-Lara, Rainer Schödel, Eva Deliporanidou et al.

The 3D distribution of dust and gas in the Milky Way's Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) is key to understanding gas inflows toward the Galactic Centre (GC), the process of star formation in this extreme environment, and the propagation of energetic cosmic rays originating from Sgr A*. However, while recent efforts have combined datasets in a Bayesian framework to estimate the near/far positions of individual molecular clouds in the CMZ, conflicts between different methodologies still remain and we a…

astro-ph.SRastro-ph.IM

Solar Flare Prediction Using a Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network and Transformer Model

Mason Cao, Junwei Zhao

Solar flares are intense bursts of electromagnetic radiation that occur when stored magnetic energy in the Sun's atmosphere is suddenly released. They are categorized into five classes -- from least to most powerful: A, B, C, M, and X -- with each successive class representing a ten-fold increase in energy output. The electromagnetic radiation emitted by the stronger classes (C, M, and X) is capable of causing significant disruptions to communication systems, satellites, and power grids on Earth…

physics.opticsastro-ph.IMquant-ph

New Method for Path-length Equalization of Long Single-mode Fibers for Interferometry

M. Anderson, J. D. Monnier, K. Ozdowy, J. Woillez, G. Perrin

The ability to use single mode (SM) fibers for beam transport in optical interferometry offers practical advantages over conventional long vacuum pipes. One challenge facing fiber transport is maintaining constant differential path length in an environment where environmental thermal variations can lead to cm-level variations from day to night. We have fabricated three composite cables of length 470 m, each containing 4 copper wires and 3 SM fibers that operate at the astronomical H band (1500-1…

astro-ph.SR

Hbeta Spicules, Small-scale Jets, and Hbeta Microflashes: Sub-arcsecond Dynamic Events and their Magnetic Origins in the Lower Solar Chromosphere Observed by DKIST

Navdeep K. Panesar, V. Aparna, Sanjiv K. Tiwari, Alphonse C. Sterling, Ronald L. Moore, J. M. da Silva Santos

We examine an on-disk solar quiet region of enhanced magnetic network using Hbeta images from Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescopes (DKISTs) Visible Broadband Imager (VBI) and line-of-sight magnetograms from DKISTs Visible Spectro-Polarimeter (ViSP). We also compare the ViSP magnetograms with co-aligned co-temporal line-of-sight magnetograms from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). We find:(i) Two types of chromospheric jet-like features: Hbeta spicules, and…

gr-qcastro-ph.HE

Binary-black hole spin population results may be driven by prior degeneracies

Noah E. Wolfe, Asad Hussain, Jack Heinzel, Salvatore Vitale

Gravitational waves carry information on the spins of merging binary-black holes. The orientations of their spins relative to their orbits ("tilts")---while challenging to measure---differentiate the astrophysical formation mechanisms by which merging black hole binaries may form. Multiple analyses have reported tentative evidence that black hole spins are preferentially oriented in the plane of the binary orbit. We show that these results are likely extrapolated from more easily measurable "eff…

astro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM

Teglon: A Pixel-Level Pipeline for Galaxy-Informed Gravitational-Wave Follow-up Planning and Efficiency Analysis

D. A. Coulter, P. Darc, C. D. Kilpatrick, R. J. Foley, P. McGill, S. D. Wyatt, R. Hausen

We describe Teglon, an open-source database and analysis pipeline engineered to optimize the search for electromagnetic (EM) counterparts to gravitational wave (GW) sources. Teglon constructs a 3D galaxy completeness metric from an input galaxy catalog and convolves it with the 3D localization volume of a GW event, producing an updated posterior map informed by known galaxy distributions. Using Teglon, users can ingest arbitrary instrument footprints --- or download them directly from the Treasu…

astro-ph.EP

WASP-43b TESS Phase Curve Mapping: Evidence for a Hot Interior

Maura Lally, Ryan C. Challener, Elspeth Lee, Nikole Lewis

Phase-curve mapping probes various atmospheric properties depending on wavelength: thermal phase curves are dominated by atmospheric emission, while visible and near-infrared phase curves include reflected light. The measured planetary phase curve offset--the longitudinal offset of the hemisphere of peak brightness from the substellar point--is therefore sensitive to differing atmospheric processes in emission-dominated vs. reflection-dominated bands. In particular, planets with partial western-…

astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO

BIND (Baryonic INpainting with Deep learning): A Field-level Emulator for Galaxy Groups and Clusters

Max E. Lee, Shy Genel, Zoltan Haiman, Greg L. Bryan, Christopher C. Lovell, Boryana Hadzhiyska

Baryonic feedback is a dominant source of systematic uncertainty for upcoming weak-lensing surveys, but current tools for modeling its effect rely on spherical approximations and density profiles calibrated almost entirely on two-point statistics. We introduce BIND (Baryonic INpainting with Deep learning), a conditional flow-matching model that learns a field-level mapping from dark-matter-only halos to their hydrodynamical counterparts. BIND is trained on halos from the 1024 paired hydrodynamic…

astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR

Predictions for astrometric microlensing in Gaia

Zofia Kaczmarek, David Sweeney, Łukasz Wyrzykowski, Ulrich Bastian

ESA's astrometric space mission Gaia is uniquely positioned for microlensing studies thanks to its all-sky coverage and simultaneous astrometric and photometric observations. In Gaia Data Release 4 (DR4), astrometric time series will be published for the first time, providing a rich dataset for isolated stellar remnant searches. In anticipation of DR4, we prepared tools for fitting photometric and 1D astrometric measurements. We tested the recovery of true event parameters and population distrib…

astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO

Probing dynamics of extreme galaxies I. Dark matter content in ultra-diffuse galaxies

Filippo Bouchè, Chiara Buttitta, Saboura Zamani, Enrichetta Iodice, Salvatore Capozziello, Vincenzo Salzano, Marcello Miranda, Enrico Maria Corsini et al.

We investigate the internal structure of two galaxies from the LEWIS sample: the ultra-diffuse galaxy UDG-1 and the extended dwarf LSB-6. Both show coherent stellar rotation combined with a non-negligible fraction of random motion, with no signs of ongoing disturbance. This is the first attempt to constrain the dynamics and dark matter physics of rotation-supported UDGs through integral-field stellar kinematics. We model the galaxies as stellar spheroids with typical dwarf-like thickness embedde…

astro-ph.HE

Detection of hard X-ray pulsations in non-ULX X-ray pulsar 3X J0042 in M31

Ketan Rikame, Biswajit Paul

We report the detection of hard X-ray pulsations from the M31 accreting non-ULX X-ray pulsar 3X J0042 (3XMM J004232.1+411314) using archival NuSTAR observations. The source has a spin period of ~3 s and an orbital period of ~4.15 hr, with coherent pulsations previously detected only in XMM-Newton observations. We reanalyse all five publicly available NuSTAR observations by correcting the photon arrival times for binary motion and optimizing the orbital epoch and projected semi-major axis. Cohere…